1Margarita Svetlova, Sara R. Nichols, and Celia A. Brownell. Toddlers' Prosocial Behavior: From Instrumental to Empathic to Altruistic Helping[J]. Child Development, 2010,(81).
2Hoffman,M.L. The measurement of empathy. In Measuring emotions in infants and children[M]. Izard,C.E. Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,2000.
3Cialdini,R.B.,Brown,S.L. Reinterpreting the empathy-altruism relationship when one into one equals oneness[J]. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,1997(73):481-494.