不同年代大豆品种根系活力的变化及其与植株生物量的关系

Changes of Root Activity and Its Correlation with Plant Biomass of Soybean Cultivars Released in Different Years

为探索不同年代大豆品种根系活力的变化及其与植株各器官生物量和根系伤流液重量的关系。以吉林省1923-2009年间育成的27个大豆品种为材料进行田间试验,在四叶期（V4）,盛花期（R2）,结荚盛期（R4）和鼓粒盛期（R6）测定根系活力、伤流液重量和植株各器官生物量。结果表明,随生育期的推进,植株器官生物量不断增加,而根系活力和伤流液重量则呈单峰曲线变化,在R4期达到最大。在R4期,植株根系活力、根系伤流液重量和器官生物量与育成年代均呈显著或极显著正相关,但在V4、R2和R6期均未达到显著水平。在R4期,根系活力与根系伤流液重量、植物器官茎、叶和根生物量呈显著或极显著正相关;各品种间地上部器官生物量与根系活力的比值差异不显著。大豆的遗传改良使地上部器官与根系活力协同演进,在根系活力增强的同时植株器官生物量和根系伤流液重量也增加,且在R4期,根系活力与植物器官生物量和根系伤流液重量相关最为密切;可以把R4期的根系活力作为高产育种的指标之一。

In order to understand the changes of root activity （RA）, and their correlation with organ biomass, root bleeding sap weight （BSW）, during the genetic improvement of 27 soybean cultivars released in 1923 to 2009 were bred in Jilin province. The RA, BSW and organs biomass were studied at four-leaves stage （V4）, flowering stage （R2）, pod setting （R4） and seed filling stage （R6）. With increasing growth period, plant organ biomass increased, while RA and BSW were observed unimodal curve changes and highest at R4 stage. Only in R4 stage, but no in V4, R2 and R6 period, RA, BSW, organ biomass and release year were exhibited significant or extremely significant positive correlation. In R4 stage, RA and BSW, stem, leaf and root biomass were displayed significant or extremely significant positive correlation. There were no significant differences in the ratio between aboveground organs biomass and RA. The RA, BSW and organs biomass were increased with genetic improvement of soybean. RA was closely related to organs biomass and BSW at R4 stage. Therefore, the RA was considered to be the important index in high-yield breeding at R4 stage.