方法与态度:二重证据法的考古学反思

"二重证据法"的提出推动了古史研究和考古学研究的发展,但是对此方法的滥用也招致了批评之声。对考古学学科特点和考古学发展的社会历史背景进行梳理,可以证明"二重证据法"应用于中国考古学具有合理性和必要性,而有关西方考古学不使用历史文献以保持"纯洁性"的观点是一种误解。本文分析了考古学研究在使用"二重证据法"过程中存在的"滥用"和"不用"现象,指出该方法在考古学研究中的应用范畴和操作程序,认为应该以宽容的心态和严谨的态度采用包括"二重证据法"在内的一切有效的方法,推进中国考古学的新发展。

Dual attestation promotes the development of researches in ancient history and archaeology, but the abuse of this method has also induced criticism. When sorting out the discipline characteristic of archaeology and historical background of its development, we find dual attestation used in archaeology research is rational and necessary, while the view that keeping purity without using literature in western archaeology is merely a misunderstanding. After analyzing the phenomena of abuse and non-use of dual attestation in archaeological research ,the paper points out the research category and operating procedures of the method. So scholars should be both tolerant and rigorous in using dual attestation and others in order to promote a new development of Chinese archaeology.