间套作体系作物-土壤铁和锌营养研究进展

Research advances in iron and zinc transfer from soil to plant in intercropping systems

间套作能够提高对土地、光、水和养分等资源的利用,对增加农田生物多样性、发展可持续生态农业具有重要的理论和实践意义.间套作有助于改善土壤中微量元素铁和锌的活化、吸收和植株体内微量元素营养状况,实现微量元素的生物强化.本文综述了禾本科/双子叶植物间套作(主要以玉米/花生间作为例)对双子叶植物铁和锌营养的改善效应,从种间根际分子和生理过程、根系形态、分布及根际微生物变化方面详细阐述了可能的机理,同时综述了铁和锌在间套作植株体内累积、转运和分配方面的研究进展,对影响间套作体系铁和锌营养的可能因素进行了简单分析.从土壤养分活化吸收、植株体内养分累积分配和栽培管理措施及环境因子等方面指出目前研究中存在的问题,提出以后应加强间套作体系铁和锌营养田间试验、定量化、动态性和系统化方面的研究.

Intercropping facilitates the efficient utilization of land, light, water and nutrients. It is, therefore, important to increase the biodiversity of farmland and to develop sustainable ecological agriculture in both theory and practice. Intercropping helps improve the mobilization and uptake of soil iron （Fe） and zinc （Zn） and corresponding nutritional status in the plants, thus achieving grain micronutrient biofortification. In this review, phenomena of the improvement of Fe and Zn nu- trition in dicotyledonous plants as affected by intercropping with gramineous plants （e.g. maize/pea- nut intercropping） were summarized. Moreover, the possible mechanisms in relation to interspecific rhizosphere molecular and physiological processes, as well as the changes in interspecific root mor- phology and distribution and microorganisms in the rhizosphere were elucidated. The accumulation, transfer and distribution of Fe and Zn in the plants in intercropping systems were also reviewed. The possible affecting factors on nutrients of Fe and Zn were analyzed. Based on the present advances in the mobilization and acquisition of soil Fe and Zn, and their accumulation and distribution in plants as well as the related management and environment influence factors, some new research questions were pointed out. Quantitative analysis, dynamic and systemic researches and field studies on Fe and Zn transfer from soil to plant in intercropping systems should be strengthened in the future.