城乡一体化导向的生活垃圾统筹治理研究

Research on Overall Governance on Living Garbage Under the Guidance of the Urban and Rural Integration Development

目前,生活垃圾对我国城乡的生态环境、自然资源、城乡居民身体健康、农产品质量安全等造成的严重危害,制约了城乡的可持续发展,阻碍了生态文明建设的进程。面对"垃圾围城"、"垃圾围村"的严峻形势,基于可持续发展理论,分析了城乡一体化导向的实质及统筹治理的特点。从统筹治理主体的缺位、立法过于倾向于城市、环卫基础设施缺乏城乡一体化规划、缺乏统筹治理协调机制、公众环境行为与环境意识不一致五个方面指出城乡生活垃圾统筹治理的困境,并提出城乡生活垃圾统筹治理的有效策略:明确统筹治理主体,实现城乡生活垃圾统一监管;完善生活垃圾治理相关法律制度,使立法倾向趋于平衡;保障资金投入,实现城乡环卫基础设施统一规划布局;建立城乡生活垃圾统筹治理长效机制;加强环境教育,促进城乡居民环境行为与环境意识的统一,以法律制度保障美丽中国目标的实现。

At present,the damage of living garbage on urban and rural ecological environment,natural resources,human body health,quality and safety of agricultural products is serious,which hinders the sustainable development of urban and rural areas,and hampers the process of ecological civilization construction. Facing with the grim situation of ‘rubbish encircle city ＇and ‘rubbish encircle village＇,this paper analyzed the essence of the urban and rural integration and characteristics of overall management. The dilemma of overall management of urban and rural living garbage is identified from five aspects： lack of executive main body for overall management,legislation being too inclined to city,and lack of sanitation infrastructure planning for urban and rural integration,and lack of overall coordination mechanism. The effective strategies for overall management of urban and rural living garbage are presented as follows： establishing the main body of overall management to realize unified supervision of urban and rural living garbage; improving related legal system on living garbage pollution governance to make legislative tendency towards equilibrium; guaranteeing capital investment to realize unified planning and distribution on urban and rural environmental sanitation facilities; establishing long-term mechanism for urban and rural living garbage overall management; enhancing environmental education to promote unification of environmental behavior and environmental awareness of urban and rural residents,and finally achieving the aim of beautiful China based on legal system.