攀西地区烟草节水灌溉技术及应用效果

Water-saving Irrigation Technology of Tobacco and Its Application in Panzhihua-Xichang Region

为寻求适宜四川省攀西地区烟草节水灌溉的技术与推广模式,在冕宁县开展烟草节水灌溉试验,分析对其烟株农艺性状、烟叶化学品质和经济性状及节水效益的影响。结果表明,在烟草植株农艺性状方面,滴灌模式优于软管浇灌及交替沟灌模式;烟叶化学品质方面,节水灌溉可有效增加烟叶总糖和还原糖含量,降低烟叶烟碱含量,有效提升烟叶钾含量及钾氯比,滴灌模式表现最优;经济性状及节水效益方面,滴灌模式对烟叶的增产、增值效果最明显,比对照平均增产38.64%,上等烟比例提升20.9个百分点;在烟叶产值和节水效益上,滴灌与浇灌模式的效果较明显。滴灌和软管浇灌模式对于烟草品质、产量和水分利用效率的提升作用较明显,其中滴灌模式具有较好的应用及推广价值,软管浇灌模式更适合在经济条件较差的干旱缺水地区推广使用。

In order to study the suitable water-saving irrigation technology in Panzhihua-Xichang region, the effects of watersaving irrigation of tobacco in Mianning County on the agronomy character,chemical quality and economic characters of tobacco and water-saving benefits were analyzed. The results showed that drip irrigation was better than hose irrigation and alternate furrow irrigation on agronomic traits of tobacco plant. In terms of chemical quality of tobacco, increasing irrigation effectively increased the total sugar and reduced sugar content, alkaloid. Drip irrigation effectively improved the potassium content and ratio of potassium to chlorine. In terms of economic traits and water-saving benefits,the drip irrigation was the most with38.64% increase of yield and 20.9% increase of the proportion of superior leaves. In the tobacco production and water-saving effects, drip irrigation and hose irrigation effects were obvious. Drip irrigation and hose irrigation ha d more effect on tobacco quality, yield and water use efficiency. Particularly drip irrigation had a good application and popularization. Hose irrigation mode was more suitable for poor economic conditions in arid regions.