固相萃取-色谱质谱技术在毒物筛查中的应用进展

Progress of Solid-phase Extraction Coupled with Chromatograph-Mass Spectrum in Toxicological Screening

固相萃取是近年发展起来的一种样品前处理技术,主要用于样品的分离和富集,能够将生物检材中的目标待测物有效的与杂质组分分离,具有较高的回收率,其样品预处理过程简单,操作便捷。在法庭科学领域,可根据生物检材,如生物体液、组织、毛发等基质的性质,选择相应的固相萃取方法;同时亦可根据目标待测物,如目标待测物的酸碱性,选用不同的固相萃取方法。色谱法是一种分离和分析方法,它利用不同物质在不同相态的选择性分配,使混合物中的不同组分根据其性质不同而分离。质谱法在分析中可提供丰富的结构信息。固相萃取-色谱质谱联用技术集固相萃取与色谱质谱检测技术优点于一体,可实现对复杂基质中的特定毒物与非特定毒物进行高效萃取、净化与检测,具有检材消耗少、检测速度快、灵敏度高等特点,已被广泛应用于环境监测、药物分析、法庭科学领域等,成为当前毒物筛查的重要手段,具有选择性好、灵敏度高、基质效应低等特点,且易实现在线分析,特别适用于法庭毒物分析中单一毒物或多种毒物的筛查。本文综述了固相萃取-色谱质谱联用技术在法庭科学毒物毒品分析中的应用进展,以供同行参考。

Solid-phase extraction（SPE） is one of sample pretreatment technologies developed in recent y ears, which separates target compounds from biological complex matrixes and impurity by using the sorbent absorption. The sample pretreatment process of SPE is simple and convenient, which has been widely used in pharmaceutical analysis, food testing, environment monitoring, forensic science and other fields. Solid-phase extraction can separate target substance from complex matrix with high recovery, which makes it play an important role in the field of forensic science. As the method for separation and analysis, chromatography-mass spectrometry can separate components from each other according to their different properties, and provide abundant structural information in the analysis, while has high specificity and sensitivity and wide scope of application, etc. Solid-phase extraction-chromatography-mass spectrum with the characteristics of high-effective extraction, purification, fast detection speed and high sensitivity, is currently an important mean s for toxicological screening, which combines the advantages of solid phase extraction and chromatography mass spectrometry technology. It has been extensively used for environmental monitoring, drug analysis, and forensic science field recently. The key of the application of solid-phase extraction and chromatography-mass spectrometry technology in forensic science is to optimize the conditions of simultaneous screening of drugs with different properties from complex biological matrix. The progress of solid-phase extraction-chromatography-mass spectrometry technology in the toxicological analysis i s reviewed in this paper, according to the natures of drugs including acidic drugs, basic drugs, as well as common pesticides and different types of biological samples including biological fluids, tissues, and hairs, in order to provide reference for forensic toxicological analysis.