ICU医院感染目标性监测：Meta分析与系统评价

Targeted surveillance of infections in ICU： a systematic review and Meta-analysis

目的：通过荟萃分析与系统评价现有ICU医院感染目标性监测方面的文献资料,综合评价我国ICU医院感染现状。方法由2位研究人员检索2009—2013年文献资料,数据库包括PubMed、荷兰医学文摘数据库、中国生物医学文献数据库、中国知网、维普数据库及万方数据库,检索主题为综合ICU医院感染目标性监测。对纳入文献进行质量评价与证据评级；提取数据,采用R软件R-3.0.2-win版进行Meta分析与系统评价。检索策略由第三方确定,文献检索、质量评价及证据评级中产生的分歧,均由其组织协商,并予以裁定。结果最终21篇文献纳入定量研究,全部为中文,研究性质均为无对照观察性研究。以感染率为例,合计观察74600例,感染7318例。 Meta分析结果显示,ICU医院感染发生率为：感染率3.27%,例次感染率4.92%,千日感染率4.58‰,例次千日感染率6.49‰（平均病情严重程度调整后）；器械相关感染发病率为：中心静脉插管5.26‰,呼吸机肺炎23.12‰,导尿管2.38‰；感染部位构成比为：下呼吸道58.07%,血流18.16%,尿路15.35%,其他8.43%；病原菌构成比为：鲍曼不动杆菌20.54%,铜绿假单胞菌14.28%,真菌14.35%,金黄色葡萄球菌11.62%,肺炎克雷伯菌10.92%,大肠埃希菌6.86%,其他细菌21.43%。结论 ICU医院感染形势严峻,应进一步加强目标性监测,并采取针对性的有效干预措施。

Objective To evaluate the targeted surveillance of health care-associated infections in ICU. Methods PubMed, EMBASE （ Excerpt Medica Database ） , China Biology Medicine disc, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Vip Journal Integration Platform and Wanfang Data were searched from 2009 to 2013 by two researchers. Full-text studies on targeted surveillance of healthcare-associated infections in ICUs were included. Studies were evacuated using STROBE and GRADE. Random effects meta-analyses were used to generate summary estimates of infection rates. Results Totals of 21 studies met eligibility criteria, which were all Chinese research papers. Taking the infection rate as an example, 74 600 cases were observed within which 7 318 cases were infected. Pooled meta-analyses of eligible studies revealed that adjusted infection rate：infection rate, case infection rate, daily infection rate, case daily infection rate were 3. 27%, 4. 92%, 4. 58‰, 6. 49‰, respectively. The infection rates were 23. 12‰ in ventilator associated pneumonia, 5. 26‰ in catheter-related bloodstream infections, and 2. 38‰ in catheter-associated urinary tract infections. The lower respiratory tract, the blood, and the urinary tract were the main infection sites, accounting for 58. 07%, 18. 16%, and 15. 35%, respectively. A. baumanii, P. Aeruginosa, fungi, S. aureus, K. pneumoniae, E. coli were the main pathogens, accounting for 20. 54%, 14. 28%, 14. 35%, 11. 62%, 10. 92% and 6. 86%, respectively. Conclusions The burden of health-care-associated infection in ICU is high. Our findings indicate a need to improve surveillance and infection-control practices.