中国百余年基础教育初中发展之师资检视

Investigation on the Teachers of the Basic Junior-high School in China over Centuries

通过对百余年基础教育初中发展的师资检视,理清了两个问题:一是初中师资薄弱什么时候开始彰显;二是城乡初中师资差异具有怎样的复杂性。在整个师范教育百余年发展历程与整个中小学师资成长的息息相关中,初中师资的薄弱呈现出不同历史阶段的差异性。城乡初中生师比与初中教师抽拔补缺、"被补缺"的历史演变与悄然变化,折射出城乡初中师资差异的复杂性,这种复杂性主要表现为持续差异与渐变差异、显性差异与隐性差异、现象差异与实质差异的多重交织。

This paper focuses on two questions through the examination of the junior high school education over centuries： first, when the weakness of teacher quality in the junior high school education started to appear;second, what kind of complexity lies in the difference between teacher quality in junior high schools between rural and urban areas. The weakness of the teacher quality in junior high schools differs across historical stages, in the history of normal education over centuries and its interaction with the development of the education of primary and junior high schools. In the historical evolvement and changes of the teacher-student ratio in city and suburban, as well as the vacancy and fulfillment of the junior high school teacher positions, the complexity of the difference of teacher quality between rural and urban areas is shown in the interaction among persistent and gradual difference, dominant and recessive difference, as well as phenomenal and essential difference.