雅各布森诗性模式与巴赫金语境模式之比较

Compare Jakobson's poeticity-bound pattern with Bakhtin's context-bound pattern

作为同时代的俄罗斯著名语文学家,雅各布森与巴赫金虽都用语言学方法对文学进行研究,但不同的超语言学和纯粹语言学立场造成了他们诗学研究的差异。在雅各布森的"诗性模式"中,诗性是使一个语言信息成为诗歌的主导要素,符号信息本身得到突出,其相对自治和去语境化的倾向十分鲜明;而在巴赫金的"语境模式"中,发送者与接收者所在的语境优先被确定,一切文学要素都是被"语境化"了的,都是社会意识形态的一部分。巴赫金认为诗歌话语缺乏内在对话性,而在雅各布森的语言交际六功能结构中,诗歌信息本身既包含独白式的符号自指特性(诗性),也包含着发送者和接收者所决定的"内在对话性",二者既独立又紧密关联。

Jakobson and Bakhtin, as contemporary Russian famous philologists, use linguistics to research literature, but finally create different poetic theories for different linguistic positions, melalinguistic and linguistics. In Jakohson＇s “poeticity-hound” pattern, poeticity is the dominant factor of poetry to makes a linguistic message into poetry ; the symbolic message itself is underlined, which has the distinct of relative autonomy and decontextualized. In Bakhtin＇s “context-bound” pattern, the context where the sender and the receiver are located is determined priority ; all literary elements are “contexted” and parts of social ideology. In Bakhtin＇ s opinion, poetry is lack of Intrinsic-dialogism. By contrast, in the Jakobson＇ s structure named “six basic function of verbal communication”, poetic message itself contains not only the monologue-style symbolic self- referentiality （poeticity）, but also Intrinsic-dialogism which is determined by the sender and receiver ; two qualities are both independent and closely related.