纸质文物清洗用水的选择及清洗条件初探

Selection of cleaning water and conditions for paper relics

为考察纸质文物的最佳清洗用水和清洗条件,探讨了不同清洗用水（超纯水、纯净水、蒸馏水、自来水、硬水）在不同清洗次数、不同清洗温度时对纸张p H值、抗张强度、色差、白度以及聚合度的影响。结果表明：硬水和自来水对纸张的清洗效果较差,白度上升小（2.0左右）,抗张强度损失大（17%~24%）,不适合作为纸质文物清洗用水;超纯水、纯净水和蒸馏水对纸张白度提升明显（分别上升2.99,2.41,2.77）,抗张强度损失较小（分别为16%,9%,12%）,适合作为纸质文物清洗用水。最佳清洗条件为常温下清洗6次。本实验结果可为纸质文物清洗用水的选择提供参考。

This study was aimed at optimizing cleaning parameters of water on paper relics. Different types of water,including ultrapure water,pure water,distilled water,tap water and hard water were used to see how they affect paper p H number,tensile strength,color,degree of whiteness and degree of polymerization of paper under various cleaning cycles and temperature. The results show that hard water and tap water are poor because the whiteness level increased only by 2.0 levels after cleaning. The tensile strength of treated paper dropped 17% ~ 24%.With ultrapure,pure and distilled water the degree of whiteness increased by levels of 2. 99,2. 41 and 2. 77respectively; while the tensile strength of those cleaned papers decreased by 16%,9% and 12%. Therefore,ultra-pure,pure and distilled waters are suitable for cleaning paper relics. The optimal condition for cleaning in six cleanings was under room temperature. The results can be used as a reference for cleaning paper relics.