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工业化排放物对中国沿海气候的影响 被引量:2

The Influence of Industrialization Emissions on Coastal Climate
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摘要 由于全球气候变暖,在高纬度地区的降水可能增加。然而,人类活动影响全球气候变化的机制还没有被完全理解。工业化对全球生态系统的影响是不可否认的,它是一个具有特殊意义的全球气候变暖问题,全球性工业化进程产生的各种污染物进入海洋会破坏海洋生态平衡,继而进一步对气候有重大影响。文章尝试分析中国工业化发展中除了二氧化碳之外的一些排放物与海洋浮游植物生物量和气候之间的关系。由于中国的工业化导致沿海地区的海洋食物链发生变化,富营养化增加了浮游植物的生物量,继而增加海水蒸发的速率,从而有助于邻近城市的湿度上升,继而导致降水强度和降水量的增加。然而,随着污染的继续增加,尤其产生的油类污染,按照拉乌尔定律,又会减少水蒸汽的分压继而减少水蒸发速度。因此,工业排放可能有两个相互竞争的结果:一种是促进浮游植物的生长,然后导致更高的海水蒸发率和降水量;另一种是有机油类减少水的蒸气压,然后减少海水蒸发率和降水量。在中国,降水多集中在某些季节和某些具有较高浮游植物生物量的区域。在污染严重的沿海城市,随着工业化的进展,周边海域浮游植物生物量较少(劣4类海水),有机油类覆盖海面,阻碍了近海水调节温度的能力,相当于把海岸线向外退出数百里,因此温度将迅速升高,其周边的湿度和降水量将减少。从工业化的发展对气候的影响来看,中国在工业化后,年平均气温显著增加,而年平均降水量没有显著差异。然而局部强降雨和局部高温将是以后的一种自然灾害。这一中国工业化对气候模式的影响,可以作为研究全球气候变化的参考。 As a result of global warming, precipitation is likely to increase at high latitudes. However, the mechanisms by which human activity influences global climate change are far from completely understood. Industrialization has had an undeniable impact on the global ecosystem, of particular significance to the issue of global warming, the flow of industrial by-products into the ocean can upset the marine ecological balance, which in turn can have a significant affect on climate. We try to analyze the relationship between industrial pollution, phytoplankton biomass and climate signature by Chinese industrialization progresses. It can be concluded that Chinese industrialization has led to changes in the marine food chain of coastal areas. The resulting increase in the biomass of phytoplankton causes an increase in the seawater evaporation rate which then contributes to a rise in the humidity in surrounding cities, which in turn can lead to increased intensity and volume of precipitation. However, it is well known that all pollutants in water will decrease the water vapour pressure according to Raoult's law. So industrial emissions may have two competing effects: one is to promote the growth of phytoplankton and then causing higher seawater evaporation rates and precipitation; another is to decrease water vapour pressure which then reduces the seawater evaporation rate and precipitation. In China, precipitation is becoming more concentrated in some seasons and some areas with higher biomass of phytoplankton. The temperature in seriously polluted costal cities (with below-fourth-class seawater) with less biomass of phytoplankton will increase quickly and the surrounding humidity and precipitation will decrease as industrialization progresses. Regional climate change also increases the frequency of typhoon formation in the recent years. The total influence on climate of industrialization progresses in china is that annual average temperature after industrialization is significantly increased, whereas, annual average precipitation is no significantly difference. The influence of Chinese industrialization on climate patterns should be taken into account in the study of global climate change.
机构地区 深圳大学
出处 《生态环境学报》 CSCD 北大核心 2015年第2期352-358,共7页 Ecology and Environmental Sciences
基金 国家自然科学基金项目(11375117) 国家实验室"上海同步光源"(SSRF)开放课题(10sr0334)
关键词 工业化排放物 浮游植物 气候特征 industrial emissions phytoplankton climatic characteristics
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