数字化定制钢板治疗四肢复杂骨折的疗效观察

EFFECTIVENESS OF DIGITAL CUSTOMIZED STEEL PLATE IN TREATMENT OF COMPLEX FRACTURES OF LIMBS

目的总结分析数字化定制钢板治疗四肢复杂骨折的临床疗效。方法 2012年1月-2013年5月,对42例四肢复杂骨折患者,利用其CT原始数据建立模拟骨折复位后的三维模型,并设计定制个性化解剖型接骨板,切开复位内固定治疗骨折。其中男22例,女20例;年龄16～53岁,平均37.4岁。致伤原因：交通事故伤21例,高处坠落伤18例,重物压砸伤3例。其中新鲜闭合性骨折26例,开放性骨折16例（Gustilo分型Ⅰ型9例、Ⅱ型7例）。骨折按照AO分型：肱骨多段粉碎性骨折15例,桡骨多段粉碎性骨折4例,股骨多段粉碎性骨折8例,胫骨多段粉碎性骨折15例。伤后至手术时间为6～28 d,平均10 d。结果定制钢板长度、放置位置,螺钉长度,植钉方向及数量均与术前设计基本一致。手术时间35～120 min,平均70 min;术中出血量30～500 m L,平均180 m L;X线透视次数2～6次,平均3次。2例术后切口浅表感染,经换药对症处理后愈合;其余切口均Ⅰ期愈合。42例均获随访,随访时间6～24个月,平均11.5个月。41例骨折I期愈合,愈合时间8～19周,平均14周;1例于44周延迟愈合。其中骨折达解剖复位19例;3例发生畸形愈合,未行处理;其余均达功能复位标准。随访期间无钢板、螺钉松动、断裂等内固定物相关并发症发生。结论数字化定制钢板治疗四肢复杂骨折,尤其对于四肢长骨的多段粉碎性骨折,手术操作简便、创伤小、并发症少、疗效确切。

Objective To observe the effectiveness of digital customized plate in the treatment of complex limb fracture. Methods Between January 2012 and May 2013, CT raw data of complex limb fracture were used to establish the fracture three-dimensional simulation model after reduction, and a customized personalized anatomic plate was designed and used for internal fixation after open reduction in 42 cases. There were 22 males and 20 females, aged 16-53 years（average, 37.4 years）. The causes of injury were traffic accident in 21 cases, falling from height in 18 cases, crush by heavy objects in 3 cases, including 26 cases of fresh closed fracture and 16 cases of open fracture（9 cases of type I and 7 cases of type II according to Gustilo classification）. According to AO classification, there were 15 cases of humerus comminuted fracture, 4 cases of radial comminuted fracture, 8 cases of femoral comminuted fracture, and 15 cases of tibia comminuted fracture. The interval of injury and operation was 6-28 days（mean, 10 days）. Results Reduction and internal fixation of fracture were successfully performed on 42 patients. The length and position of digital customized plate, direction and length of screw implant, number of screw were basically identical with preoperative design. The operation time was 35-120 minutes（mean, 70 minutes）; the blood loss volume was 30-500 m L（mean, 180 m L）; and X ray fluoroscopy frequency was 2-6 times（mean, 3 times）. Superficial infection occurred in 2 cases, and was cured after dressing change; primary healing of incision was obtained in the other patients. Forty-two cases were followed up 6-24 months with an average of 11.5 months. The fracture healing time was 8-19 weeks（mean, 14 weeks） in 41 cases; delayed union occurred in 1 case at 44 weeks after operation. The fracture anatomical reduction was achieved in 19 cases, malunion in 3 cases, and functional reduction in the other patients. At last follow-up, no plate and screw loosening and breakage was observed. Conclusion Digital customized plate in treatment of complex fractures of limbs, especially for the multiple comminuted fracture of long bones of the limbs has the advantages of convenient operation, less trauma, fewer complications, and good effectiveness.