人工全髋关节置换术治疗Crowe Ⅳ型先天性髋关节发育不良截骨术的研究进展

RESEARCH PROGRESS OF OSTEOTOMY IN TOTAL HIP ARTHROPLASTY TO TREAT CROWE TYPE IV DEVELOPMENTAL DYSPLASIA OF THE HIP

目的总结CroweⅣ型先天性髋关节发育不良(developmental dysplasia of the hip,DDH)行人工全髋关节置换术(total hip arthroplasty,THA)截骨方法以及相关并发症,旨在为临床选择术式提供参考。方法广泛查阅国内外有关THA治疗DDH的研究报道,并进行总结分析。结果 THA治疗DDH常用截骨术包括转子间截骨、粗隆下截骨、小转子水平截骨与远端截骨。其中粗隆下截骨与转子间截骨能有效调整患肢长度,纠正前倾角,避免神经损伤,但转子间截骨易发生骨折和损伤外展肌。小转子水平截骨术后效果较差,临床应用较少;远端截骨主要用于伴膝关节畸形的患者。结论对于股骨严重脱位伴周围软组织严重痉挛的CroweⅣ型DDH患者,建议选择粗隆下截骨,但在切口形状与截骨长度方面尚无确切标准,有待进一步研究明确。

Objective To summarize the methods and complications of osteotomy in total hip arthroplasty（THA） to treat Crowe type IV developmental dysplasia of the hip（DDH） so as to provide the reference for selection of surgical procedures. Methods The literature concerning THA for DDH was reviewed, and the effectiveness and complications were summarized in different methods. Results At present, four osteotomies are commonly used in DDH, including transtrochanteric osteotomy, subtrochanteric osteotomy, lesser trochanteric osteotomy, and distal femoral osteotomy. Transtrochanteric osteotomy and subtrochanteric osteotomy can effectively adjust leg length, correct femoral anteversion and avoid nerve injury, but transtrochanteric osteotomy may cause bone fracture and abductor injury. Lesser trochanteric osteotomy is scarcely used because of its poor effectiveness. Distal femoral osteotomy is usually used in patients with knee deformity. Conclusion For patients with Crowe type IV DDH complicated by severe femoral dislocation and soft tissue spasm, subtrochanteric osteotomy should be selected, whereas it needs an associated standard focusing on how to select the osteotomy shape and length in subtrochanteric ostetomy, which needs an advanced research.