Hangman骨折诊断和治疗进展

RESEARCH PRO GRESS OF DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF Hangman FRACTURE

目的对Hangman骨折诊断和治疗研究进展进行综述。方法广泛查阅近年国内外有关Hangman骨折诊断和治疗的研究文献,并进行综合分析。结果 Hangman骨折的诊断和稳定性判定除了应用颈椎X线片外,还应常规采用颈椎CT三维重建和MRI。不稳定性Hangman骨折可采用后路C2、C3内固定,前路C2、C3内固定和前后路联合内固定。前路内固定可选用上颈椎前咽后入路和下颈椎前入路,以上入路能直接切除破碎的椎间盘,有效维持颈椎正常序列,避免术后轴性疼痛;而后路内固定需在骨折的峡部植入C2椎弓根螺钉,血管神经损伤风险增大。结论不稳定性Hangman骨折手术方法选择应根据患者损伤情况及术者经验进行选择,目前尚缺乏不同治疗方法的随机对照研究。

Objective To review the research progress of the diagnosis and treatment of Hangman fracture. Methods The original articles about the diagnosis and treatment of Hangman fracture were extensively reviewed and analyzed. Results Not only X-ray, but also MRI and CT scans are necessory for the diagnosis and assessment of Hangman fractures. The treatment of unstable Hangman fracture included posterior C2, C3 fixation, anterior C2, C3 fixation, and anterior C2, C3 fixation combined with posterior C2 pedicle screw fixation. The anterior surgical fixation is used by the anterior retropharyngeal approach or subaxial anterior approach, and it has the advantages of directly resecting the injured C2, C3 discs, getting a satisfactory cervical spine alignment, and avoiding the postoperative axial pain. However, posterior surgical fixation using C2 pedicle screw has the risks of neurovascular injuries. Conclusion The surgical technique of Hangman fracture should be determined based on the patient＇s injury and surgeon＇s experience. Randomized control trials of different surgical techniques should be performed.