大鼠耳科常规手术径路

Standard Surgical Approaches to Ear Surgery in Rats

目的介绍几种在大鼠耳科实验研究中常用的手术方法。方法将大鼠麻醉后,根据不同的实验需求,分别演示经耳后切口的后鼓室径路、经耳上切口的上鼓室径路、经颈部腹侧切口的下鼓室径路、经颈部背侧切口的枕后径路等手术方法。结果通过不同的手术径路可从不同的角度暴露大鼠的中耳和内耳,为引导耳蜗生物电反应的各种耳蜗电极置放、经圆窗膜转染或置药、药物经耳蜗外淋巴腔灌流、耳蜗内淋巴腔灌注、听骨链中断、以及内淋巴囊手术破坏等各种不同实验目的提供最佳手术方案。结论根据大鼠颞骨解剖特点,选择不同的中耳内耳手术径路,可以为实现不同的实验目的服务,对实验成功提供技术保障。

Objective To describe several approaches of ear surgeries for experimental studies in rats. Methods Anes- thetized rats were prepared for demonstration of various ear surgery approaches designed to optimize experimental outcomes in studies with unique goals and exposure requirements. The surgical approaches included the posterior tympanum, superior tym- panum, inferior tympanum and occipital approaches. Results The middle ear cavity and inner ear were successfully exposed from different angles via the mentioned surgical approaches. For example, electrode placement for recording of cochlear bio- electric responses was easily achieved through the posterior tympanum or inferior tympanum approach. Alternatively, drug de- livery or gene transfection via round window membrane was most easily accomplished using the posterior tympanum approach. Cochlear perfusion of protective or ototoxic drugs was best performed using the inferior tympanum approach. Ossicular chain interruption to induce a prolonged conductive hearing loss was readily achieved using a superior tympanum approach. Lastly, surgical destruction of the endolymphatic sac to induce experimental endolymphatic hydrops was readily performed via an oc- cipital surgical approach. Conclusion These standard surgical approaches can be applied in scientific studies of the ear with different purposes covering electrophysiology, conductive hearing loss, intra-cochlear drug perfusion and experimental studies relevant to Meniere＇s disease.