某油田噪声作业人员连续三年听力状况分析

Analysis on Hearing Status of Three Consecutive Years in a Noisy Oilfield Workers

目的：了解油田噪声对作业人员听力的影响,为更好地保护噪声作业人员身体健康提供科学依据。方法：选择某油田2009～2011连续三年没有岗位变动且职业健康检查资料完整的在岗噪声作业人员765人为研究对象,结合现场噪声监测资料,对职业健康检查及纯音听力测试结果进行回顾性调查。结果：3年听力损伤检出率之间经χ^2检验,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.001）,检出率与年份之间呈正相关关系（r=0.098,P=0.000）,A、B、C、D4个阶段听力损伤检出率与年份之间均呈正相关关系（r A=0.043,P=0.041;r B=0.041,P=0.048;r C=0.081,P=0.000;r D=0.042,=0.044）;A＋BP段听力损伤检出率显著高于C＋D段,二者比较差异有统计学意义（χ^2=141.470,P=0.000）;不同噪声接触工龄之间A＋B段、C＋D段及总的听力损伤检出率经趋势χ^2检验,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.01）,检出率与工龄之间均呈正相关关系（r A＋B=0.316,=0.000;r CP＋D=0.101,P=0.005;r总=0.349,P=0.000）;不同噪声强度之间A＋B段、C＋D段及总的听力损伤检出率经趋势χ^2检验,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,检出率与噪声强度之间均呈正相关关系（r A＋B=0.190,=0.000;r CP＋D=0.079,P=0.029;r总=0.220,P=0.000）。结论：油田噪声性听力损伤与噪声接触工龄、强度存在剂量-效应关系,大多为早期高频听力损伤者,应尽早采取干预措施。

Objective：To investigate the effects of noise on the hearing of oilfield workers and provide the scientific basis for better protection of the health of workers exposed to noise. Methods：Total of 765 workers who have been working for three consecutive years from 2009 to 2011 in an oilfield without job change and had complete records of occupational health have been selected as research subjects. The occupational medical examination and pure tone hearing test results, combined with on-site noise monitoring data were investigated retrospectively. Results：The hearing loss detection rate during the three years was analyzed usingχ^2 test, the difference was statistically significant（P〈0.001）, with the detection rate was positively correlated with the year（r = 0.098, P = 0.000） of exposure. The A, B, C, D segment three years hearing loss detection rate showed a positive correlation（r A=0.043,P=0.041;r B=0.041,P=0.048;r C=0.081,P=0.000;r D=0.042,P=0.044）; A ＋ B segment hearing loss detection rate was significantly higher than C ＋ D segment, the difference was statistically significant（χ^2=141.470,P=0.000）. Different noise contact duration A＋ B segment, C ＋ D segment and the overall detection rate of hearing impairment by trendχ^2 test, the difference was statistically significant（P 0.01）, showing a positive correlation（r A＋B = 0.316 between detection rate and length of service, P = 0.000; r C＋D = 0.101, P = 0.005; rtotal = 0.349, P = 0.000）. Different noise intensity between sections A＋ B, C ＋ D segment and the overall detection rate of hearing loss by trendχ^2 test, the difference is statistically significant（P 0.05）, showing a positive correlation with the noise intensity（r A＋B = 0.190, P = 0.000; r C＋D = 0.079, P =0.029; rtotal = 0.220, P = 0.000）. Conclusion：Oilfield noise induced hearing loss which showed dose-response relationship to noise exposure time and intensity, most of which are the early high-frequency hearing loss, which should intervene as soon as possible.