中国出口贸易中的服务含量分析

Analysis on the Services Content of Chinese Exports

本文基于OECD-WTO的跨国投入—产出表(ICIO)与Ti VA数据,采用增加值贸易方法,测算出中国出口贸易中的服务含量所占比重大约是采用传统BOP统计口径测算结果的两倍,其中来自国外的服务含量占比趋于上升,来自国内的服务含量占比趋于下降;在双边贸易中,中国的增加值贸易出口中来自美国、日本、德国、韩国等发达经济体的服务含量较高。本文的启示是,在全球产业链与价值链分工深化背景下,中国国内服务对增加值贸易的贡献偏低并趋于下降,可能原因在于国内服务业国际竞争力不强,因此,政策的着力点应以促进竞争为导向深化国内服务领域改革,促进国内产业链和价值链环节从低端向高端演进。

Drawing upon the measurement framework of trade in value-added（ TiVA） and OECD-WTO Inter-Country Input-Output（ ICIO） and TiVA Databases,this paper finds that the proportion of services content in Chinese exports is twice that of services export captured by traditional BOP statistics. The share of foreign part in the total services content increases while that of domestic part decreases. In the bilateral trade,the services content from developed economies such as the USA,Japan,Germany and South Korea is relatively high in China＇s TiVA exports. In the context of deepening division of labor based on global industrial and value chains,the smaller and decreasing contribution of domestic content of services to China ＇s TiVA compared with other economies is probably due to the weaker competitiveness in domestic services. Therefore,the priority in policy agenda should be competition-oriented so as to deepen the reforms in services and promote the evolution of domestic industrial and value chains from lower-end to higher-end.