锥形束CT对鼻腭管与种植相关解剖结构的测量研究

Measurement of Nasopalatine Canal and Its Associated Implant Anatomical Structures by Cone-beam Computerized Tomography

日的用锥形束CT分析鼻腭管的解剖特点，以及鼻腭管与唇侧骨壁之间的关系．方法选择2014年1月至2014年5月来昆明医科大学附属口腔医院，云南省口腔医院就诊的100例患者的锥形束CT资料，将患者平均地分为3组：青年组21～40岁、中年组41～60岁和老年缄61～80岁，测量鼻腭管的尺寸大小以及相对应的不同层面的唇侧骨壁厚度．使用t检验和拉丁方对变量进行检验，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）．结果单一的管道型有90例；2个平行单独的管道有6例；鼻腭管基底部Y型开口及其相关变异的有4例．所有测量内容在年龄和性别间均存在显著性差异（P〈0．05）；男性鼻腭管的直径（3．65mm）和长度（15．24mm）较女性长，青年组（3．65mm、15．24mm）较其他年龄组长．男性（6．34mm、7．06mm、8．09mm）在唇侧骨壁3个层面处的厚度较女性厚，老年组（6．85mm、6．67mm、8．97mm）较其他年龄组厚．结论由于患者个体差异（年龄和性别）的存在，且鼻腭管的解剖结构存在诸多变异，故在种植术前，维形来CT和口腔检查进行精确的诊断非常必要．

Objective The study was aimed to analyze the dimensions and anatomic characteristics of nasopalatine canal and the corresponding buccal bone of alveolar process, using limited cone-beam computed tomography （CBCT） imaging. Methods CBCT scans data of 100 patients were selected which obtained from the Yunnan provincial stomatological hospital, Kunming Medical University, from January 2014 to May 2014. They were equally divided into 3 groups： （1） 21 to 40-year-old, （2） 41 to 60-year-old, （3） 61 to 80-year-old. The dimensions and anatomic characteristics of nasopalatine canal and the width of the corresponding buccal bone were measured at different levels. The differences between groups were analyzed using t-test and 1-way analysis of variance, and the significance level chosen for all statistical tests was P 〈 0.05. Results The single canal was identified in 90 cases, two separate parallel canals were detected in 6 cases, and variations of Y type of canal were found in 4 cases. There were statistically significant differences in the gender and age of patients on all measurements （P 〈 0.05） . Additionally, the mean diameter and length of nasopalatine canal were significantly longer in male patients （3.65 mm and 15.24 mm）, and those in the youth group （3.68 mm and 15.17 mm） were longer than in other groups. The width of buccal bone at 3 levels was significantly longer in male patients （6.34 mm, 7.06 mm and 8.09 mm, respectively） , and that in the older group （6.85 mm, 6.67 mm and 8.97 mm, respectively） was longer than in other groups. Conclusion It is necessary lo achieve an accurate diagnosis through CBCT and oral examination before immediate implant placement because of individual variation （age and gender） and the anatomic variations of nasopalatine canal.