重庆市涪陵区311例围生儿出生缺陷分析

Birth defects analysis of 311 perinatal infants at Fuling district in Chongqing

目的探讨重庆市涪陵区出生缺陷儿的现状和变化趋势,为制订适合当地出生缺陷防治措施提供参考。方法选取该地区涪陵中心医院、涪陵区妇幼保健院、涪陵区人民医院3家监测机构2010年10月1日至2013年9月30日分娩的311例出生缺陷儿监测资料进行回顾性分析,了解出生缺陷发生率的变化趋势、缺陷顺位及出生缺陷的相关因素（缺陷儿性别,产妇居住地、年龄、文化程度等）。结果该地区出生缺陷发生率呈逐年下降趋势,2013年出生缺陷发生率[1.846%（120/6 501）]明显低于2011年[2.046%（88/4 301）],差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;男性发生缺陷发生率[2.009%（165/8 214）]高于女性[1.829%（143/7 820）]。居住在城镇的产妇分娩缺陷儿发生率偏高于居住在乡村的产妇,但差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。年龄小于20岁组和大于35岁组产妇分娩缺陷儿发生率均高于20-35岁组,文化程度在初中及以下产妇分娩缺陷儿发生率高于文化程度为高中/大学及大学以上产妇,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。对出生缺陷儿的产前诊断以超声诊断及染色体检查为主,产前诊断率仅为21.54%（67/311）。结论重视发生出生缺陷的相关因素、提高出生缺陷的产前诊断率可有效降低出生缺陷发生率。

Objective To investigate the current status and change tendency of birth defects in the region to provide ref-erence for formulating reasonable prevention measures against birth defect. Methods A total of 311 monitoring data of birth defect from the hospitals including Fuling Central Hospital,Puling Women and Children Health Care Hospital and Puling People′s Hospital from October 1,2010 to September 30,2013 at Fuling district in Chongqing were analyzed retrospectively,understanding the occurrence of birth defect,defect rate change trend as well as the related factors and birth defects（defects gender,age,residence and education level of lying-in women,etc.）. Results Birth defect rate from the three monitoring organs of this region was decreased annually. The occurrence of birth defects in 2013,accoutning for 1.846%（120/6 501）,was significantly lower than that2.046%（88/4 301） in 2011,whose difference had statistically significance（P 0.05）;The male fetal malformation probability[2.009%（165/8 214）] was higher than that [1.829%（143/7 820）] of the female. There were no correlations between residence of the lying-in women and the birth defect. The incidence of birth defect in urban areas was higher than that in rural areas,but the difference had no statistical significance（P〈0.05）. The incidence of birth defect of the women aged less than 20 years old or over35 years old were both higher than that of the women aged 20-35 years old. The lying-in women graduated from junior middle school or below had a higher occurrence in birth defect,and the difference had statistical significance（P〉0.05）. The prenatal diagnosis of birth defects,with the diagnostic rate of 21.54%（63/311） only,gave priority of ultrasonic diagnosis and chromosome examination. Conclusion Paying attention to the occurrence of relevant factors of birth defect and improving the prenatal diagnosis of birth defects rate may effectively reduce the incidence of birth defect.