新疆某制糖厂结晶罐维修工急性职业损伤的事故树分析

Fault tree analysis on acute occupational injury of crystallizing tank maintenance worker in a sugar factory of Xinjiang

目的利用事故树分析法对新疆某制糖厂结晶罐维修工急性职业损伤事故原因进行分析,找出影响最大的因素,提出相应的事故预防措施,为制糖厂职业安全隐患整改、职业卫生管理等方面提供理论依据。方法通过对制糖厂生产工艺、添加的原辅料等及事故中受伤的维修工病例进行分析,并对事故现场进行职业病危害因素检测,利用事故树分析法。结果职业病诊断资料显示,患者在工作中接触结晶糖7 a,有过敏史(对植物类、蔬菜水果类应用过敏反应呈阳性);事故树分析法结果显示,对变应原易感性的个体在工作中长期暴露于某种变应原对顶上事件的作用最大(结构重要度系数为1.750 0),其次,结晶罐内SO2浓度高对顶上事件的影响较大(结构重要度系数为0.437 5)。结论职业病诊断资料无法判断该病例是否为职业病,而事故树分析法结果显示,对变应原易感性的个体在工作中长期暴露于某种变应原是该糖厂结晶罐维修工造成急性职业性损伤的最大影响因素,建议该糖厂加强作业场所防尘措施,减少作业人员直接接触变应原的机会,并将易感人群调离作业岗位,以防多次吸入变应原而诱发哮喘。

[Objective]By the fault tree analysis, to analyze the causes of acute occupational injury event in crystallizing tank maintenance worker of a sugar factory in Xinjiang, find out the most influential factor, put forward the corresponding preventive measures, and provide theoretical basis for occupational hidden danger rectification and occupational health management in the factory. [Methods]The production engineering, raw and supplemental materials, and the injured worker in the event were analyzed, the occupational hazard factors of accident scene were detected, and the fault tree analysis was applied. [Results]The occupational diagnosis information displayed that the patient has exposed to sugar for 7 years, and has an allergic history, that is positive to the plant, fruits and vegetables in the allergic reaction test. The fault tree analysis revealed that the long-term exposure to allergens of susceptible individual had the most influence on the top event （structure importance coefficient was 1.750 0）. Moreover, the higher SO2 concentration in the crystallizing tank had the remarkable influence on the top event （structure importance coefficient was 0.437 5 ）. [Conclusion]The case cannot be confirmed as the occupational disease by the occupational diagnosis information. However, the fault tree analysis showed that the long-term exposure to allergens of susceptible individual is the most influential factor in acute occupational injury of crystallizing tank maintenance worker of the sugar factory. The sugar factory should strengthen the dustproof measures in the workplace, reduce the direct exposure to allergens, and transfer the susceptible individual from the exposure post to prevent the asthmatic attack caused by repeated inhalation of allergens.