福州市仓山区儿童青少年膳食营养与健康状况的调查

Investigation on nutrition and health status of children and adolescents in Cangshan District of Fuzhou City

目的了解福州市仓山区在校儿童青少年膳食营养及健康状况,为开展营养健康教育提供科学依据。方法采用整群随机抽样的方法,抽取福州市仓山区1所小学和1所中学共计240名在校学生作为调查对象,通过问卷调查了解调查对象在日常生活中的身体活动情况和膳食摄入的种类及数量以及进餐习惯,并对调查对象进行身高、体重、腰围和血压的测量,同时采集血样进行血红蛋白、空腹血糖检测。结果在校儿童青少年体重超重率为11.7%,肥胖率为5.4%;男女生平均每日膳食摄入量中主食、豆类、乳类均低于《中国居民膳食营养素参考摄入量》(DRIs)中的推荐量,脂肪摄入过多(男生35.8%,女生38.5%),碳水化合物摄入相对不足(男生50.3%,女生48.1%);肥胖率随着静坐时间的增加、活动时间的减少以及进食早餐次数的减少相应有所增加。结论在校儿童青少年膳食结构和饮食习惯以及活动时间安排不合理,超重和肥胖现象依然比较严重。建议相关部门应积极开展营养健康教育宣传,提高对合理饮食和适当安排活动的认识。

[Objective]To understand the nutrition and health status of children and adolescents who study in schools in Cangshan District of Fuzhou City, provide the scientific evidence for implementing the nutrition and health education. [Methods]240 students were collected from a primary school and a middle school in Cangshan District of Fuzhou City by the cluster random sampling method. A questionnaire survey was used to understand the physical activity situation, species and quantity of dietary intake, and the eating habits of the respondents in daily life. The levels of height, weight, waist circumference and blood pressure were measured, and the blood samples were collected for testing the hemoglobin and FPG. [Results]The rate of overweight and obesity among school children and adolescents was 11.7% and 5.4% respectively. The daily intake of staple food, beans and milk in boys and girls were lower than the DRIS（Chinese residents dietary reference intake）, and there were too much fat intake（boys of 35.8%, girls of 38.5%） and inadequate carbohydrate intake（boy of 50.3%, girls of 48.1%）. The rate of obesity increased with the increase of sedentary time, the decrease of activity time, and the decline in times of eating breakfast. [Conclusion]The dietary pattern, eating habits and activity time arrangement among school children and adolescents are improper, and the phenomenon of overweight and obesity is still serious. The relevant departments should actively carry out the education and publicity of nutrition health, and improve the cognition of reasonable diet and appropriate activities.