宪法的全球化:历史起源、当代潮流与理论反思

The Globalization of Constitution: Historical Origin,Modern Trend and Theoretic Introspection

全球化的进程已经推进到传统的国内宪法领域。近些年来,世界各国的宪法发展呈现出趋同的态势,各国司法审查的活动也开始相互借鉴和援引各自的法律资源和司法判决,各国高等法院法官之间的交流逐渐增多。宪法全球化肇始于二战之后世界范围内传统议会主权的衰落以及对于行政权扩张的反思,同时也受到了经济全球化的极大促进。宪法的全球化同时也在实践上受到了以美国为代表的宪法民族主义的抵制,在理论上带来了问题:司法审查的全球化使得各国高等法院逐渐脱离本国的民主过程和特殊的宪法文化,呈现出国际的反多数难题。

In the contemporary world, the globalization has been introduced into the domain of traditional constitution. In recent years, a trend of constitutional convergence emerges in different countries, constitutional practices in different countries begin to use foreign or international law to deciding their own constitutional cases, and the communications and interactions among judges have developed rapidly and extensively. The emergence of globalization of constitutional law began with the worldwide decline of parliamentary sovereignty, introspection of executive power., and economic globalization. This new trend, however, meets resistance from countries like the United States. It also brings several problems in constitutional theory.