程序性救济的制度模式及改造

The Institutional Model of Procedural Remedies and Its Rebuilding

新《刑事诉讼法》规定了诉讼参与人有权针对公权力机关的诉讼违法行为提出救济请求,并将检察机关确立为救济的处理机关,构建审前阶段以检察机关为中心的程序性救济模式。然而这种模式在执行效力、角色分化、审查方式和证明机制等方面均存在无法克服的缺陷,能否实现制度设计的初衷令人怀疑。在现有的体制框架内,程序性救济的制度设计应当契合人权保障的时代要求,从监督型救济模式向司法型救济模式转变,使权力监督与权利救济相得益彰而不互相侵扰。司法型救济模式以救济效力的回归和审查方式的诉讼化为核心特征,通过内设部门的调整和证明机制的填补,来分散可能存在的角色偏倚和效率滞后的制度风险,进而助益于程序性权利的彻底救济。

The new ＂criminal procedural law＂ has added the remedy terms to give the procuratorate to exercise the power of procedural remedies. The legislature tries to build up the prosecutors centered procedural remedy mechanism in pretrial stage, achieve the purpose of the right relief by the way of prosecutorial supervision, thereby form a supervisory remedy model. However, the supervisory model has presented insurmountable flaws in its effectiveness, role, approach and proven mechanism. Its effectiveness on the guarantee of human rights has aroused people＇ s worry. In the framework of the current existing system, the model of procedural remedy pattern should agree with the characteristic of human rights protection, make it transition from supervisory remedy model to judicial remedy model. The supervisory remedy model has two core characteristics, which are the return of relief effect and judicial review, to promote realization of due process and protection of human rights through the way of internal units adjustments and establishment of proof mechanism, decentralize the system risk of role＇ s bias and lag of efficiency which the judicial remedy model may bring, then it will benefit the complete procedural remedy.