不同水平无机及有机复合微量元素对蛋鸡生产性能及蛋品质的影响

Effects of Inorganic and Organic Complex Trace Elements at Different Levels on Performance and Egg Quality of Laying Hens

本试验旨在研究不同水平无机及有机复合微量元素对蛋鸡生产性能及蛋品质的影响。选取990只22周龄的京红1号蛋鸡随机分为11组，每组6个重复，每个重复15只鸡。1组为对照组，2～6组与7～11组分别在饲粮中按NRC（1994）推荐需要量的25％、50％、75％、100％、125％添加不同水平的无机或有机复合微量元素，其中锰（ Mn）、铁（ Fe）、锌（ Zn）、硒（ Se）添加水平参照蛋鸡NRC（1994）标准，铜（Cu）添加水平参照肉鸡NRC（1994）标准。试验期24周。结果如下：1）以无机形式添加复合微量元素时，试验1～24周，25％无机复合微量元素组产蛋率最高；25％无机复合微量元素组在试验第8和22周极显著提高鸡蛋的蛋壳强度（ P＜0．01）。2）以有机形式添加复合微量元素时，试验17～24周，25％、50％、100％、125％有机复合微量元素组显著提高产蛋率（ P＜0．05）；试验17～24周和1～24周，添加NRC推荐需要量的50％、100％、125％有机复合微量元素极显著降低料蛋比（ P＜0．01）；50％有机复合微量元素组试验第8周的蛋黄颜色以及试验第24周的蛋白高度和哈夫单位极显著提高（ P＜0．01）。3） NRC推荐需要量的25％添加水平下，试验9～16周，有机组产蛋率显著高于无机组（ P＜0．05）；试验第20周，有机组蛋白高度和哈夫单位极显著高于无机组（ P＜0．01）。4） NRC推荐需要量的50％添加水平下，试验第22周，有机组蛋白高度极显著高于无机组（P＜0．01），哈夫单位显著高于无机组（P＜0．05）；试验第24周，有机组蛋白高度和哈夫单位显著高于无机组（ P＜0．05）。试验表明，产蛋期蛋鸡饲粮中无机及有机复合微量元素分别以NRC推荐需要量的25％和50％水平添加效果最佳，有机复合微量元素在产蛋率、蛋白高度和哈夫单位方面优于无机复合微量元素。

This experiment was conducted to study the effects of inorganic and organic trace elements （ Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, Se） at different levels on performance and egg quality of laying hens. Nine hundred and ninety 22-week-old Beijing Red No. 1 laying hens were randomly allocated to 11 groups with 6 replicates per group and 15 hens per replicate. Group 1 was control group. Groups 2 to 6 and groups 7 to 11 were fed the basal diets supplemented inorganic and organic complex trace elements at 25%, 50%, 75%, 100% and 125% of require-ments NRC （1994） recommended, respectively. Mn, Fe, Zn, Se were referenced at laying hen requirements of NRC （1994） recommended, while Cu was referenced for broiler. The experiment lasted for 24 weeks. The results showed as follows：1） hens fed diets supplemented inorganic trace element at 25% of requirement NRC recommended had the highest egg production during 1 to 24 weeks, and inorganic trace element at 25% of re-quirement NRC recommended significantly enhanced the egg shell strength in week 8 and 22 （P〈0.01）. 2） Organic trace element at 25%, 50%, 100%, 125% of requirements NRC recommended significantly increased egg production （ P〈0.05） , and organic trace element at 50%, 100%, 125% of requirements NRC recommen-ded significantly decreased feed/egg during 17 to 24 weeks and 1 to 24 weeks （P〈0.01）, and organic trace element at 50% of requirement NRC recommended significantly increased yolk color in week 8 and albumen height and Haugh unit in week 24 （ P〈0.01） . 3） At 25% of requirement NRC recommended, the egg produc-tion of organic groups during 9 to 16 weeks, the albumen height and Haugh unit of organic groups in week 20 were significantly higher than those of inorganic groups （P〈0.05）. 4） At 50% of requirement NRC recom-mended, the albumen height （ P〈0.01） and Haugh unit （ P〈0.05） of organic groups were significantly higher than those of inorganic groups in week 22, while the albumen height and Haugh unit of organic groups were significantly higher than those of inorganic groups in week 24 （ P〈0.05） . It is concluded that the optimal level of inorganic and organic trace element supplemented in diet of laying hens is 25% and 50% of requirements NRC recommended, respectively. And organic trace element in diet of laying hens shows better performance on egg production, albumen height and Haugh unit than inorganic trace element during some period.