当代汉语名词的词义转换与功能扩展——以“热血、冷血”与“狗血、鸡血”为例

Meaning Conversion and Function Expansion of Nouns in Contemporary Chinese

"X血"的功能扩展体现在两个方面:陈述化导致谓语分布,性状化导致程度限定。述谓化不一定兼表程度,程度化的"X血"还可以充当定语、状语、补语和宾语。"热血、冷血"经过感染、类推,在隐喻机制作用下性状化;"狗血、鸡血"是先隐喻、再转喻,通过省略、重构在转喻机制作用下性状化;语言表达的经济与协调、生动与创新则是演化的动因。表比喻义、借代义的"X血"的表达效果主要是生动、形象,"X血"共现、配合使表达效果更加突出。四个"X血"形容词化进程可以分为两种类型、三个阶段。

The function expansion of 'X xue(血)' is reflected in two aspects:statement leads to predicate distribution,and the characterization leads to degree limit.'X xue(血)' can be used as an attribute,adverbial,complement and object.Rexue(热血) and lengxue(冷血) is characterized under the influence of metaphorical mechanism through affection and analogy;gouxue(狗血) and jixue(鸡血) are characterized through metaphor and metonymy,and then omission and reconstruction.The motivations of language change are economy and coordination,vitality and innovation.The figurative meaning of 'X xue(血)' shows the vividness of language,and the co-occurrence of 'X xue(血)' can enhance the effect of expression.