立法者、公民与政制——论亚里士多德政治学的“外王”之道

The Legislator,the Citizen and the Institution——On Aristotle's Thinking of“Outer Kingliness”

亚里士多德的政治学是追求"内圣"之道的伦理学的延伸,是立法者通过立法并使之化民成俗的"外王"之道。无论是政制还是公民,作为城邦的形式与质料,亚里士多德都非常强调德性的不可替代。亚里士多德对民主制的看法,是对雅典民主制的全面反思,因此,特别强调民主政制的德性在于贵族因素、法治和教化,以避免民主制堕落成利益驱动型的全民逐利的政治。作为伟大的立法哲人,亚里士多德提出的理想政制与现实政制并不矛盾,而是化理想的"自然"为现实政治中的"礼法"。

Aristotle's political science extends not only the ethics of'inner sageliness',but also the way of'outer kingliness'through legislation.Either for the citizen as thematerial,or for the institution as the form,Aristotle emphasizes for both the irreplaceable virtue.Aristotle's idea of democracy reflects Athenian democracy,and he emphasizes especially virtue,rule of law and education.Aristotle's'ideal institution'and'real institution'are not contradictory,but integrate the ideal nature to the real law.