水葫芦有机肥与化肥配施对青椒生长、产量和氮素利用率的影响

Effects of Combined Application of Organic Compost from Water Hyacinth and Chemical Fertilizer on Growth,Yield and Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Green Pepper

将水葫芦渣与猪粪混合发酵后制成水葫芦有机肥,研究其与化肥的不同配比对青椒生长和产量及氮素利用率的影响。结果表明,在等氮施肥条件下,水葫芦有机肥在低替代率或全量化肥条件下青椒的生物量明显高于水葫芦有机肥高替代化肥条件下青椒的生物量;有机肥的添加能显著促进青椒地下部的生长发育,其中75%有机肥替代化肥处理的植株根系体积及根尖数分别比化肥处理增加了77.87%和56.12%;水葫芦有机肥50%替代化肥时青椒单株产量最高,是单独施用化肥处理的1.6倍;施用化肥或者水葫芦有机肥少量替代化肥处理的青椒植株地上部分氮素含量显著高于其他处理;水葫芦有机肥50%和75%替代化肥的处理其青椒产量及氮肥农学利用率和生理学利用率明显高于单独施用化肥或者有机肥。因此,以水葫芦与猪粪混合制成的有机肥替代化肥的替代率在50%效果最好,最高替代率不宜超过75%。

The water hyacinth （ Eichhornia crassipes ） organic compost （ WHOC ） was made from the mixed fermentation of water hyacinth residue and pig manure , and the effects of the combined application of WHOC and chemical fertilizer （ CF） on the growth, yield and nitrogen use efficiency of green pepper were studied .The following five treatments were designed according to the ratio of WHOC application rate to CF application rate：treatment F4, 0∶4;H1F3, 1∶3;H2F2, 2∶2;H3F1, 3∶1;H4, 4∶0.The re-sults indicated that：under the condition of equal nitrogen application rate , the biomass of green pepper in the treatments F 4 and H1 F3 was obviously higher than that in the treatments H 2 F2 , H3 F1 and H4 .The supplement of WHOC could significantly promote the growth of the underground part of green pepper , and the root system volume and root tip number of pepper plants in the treatment H3 F1 were respectively 77.87%and 56.12%more than those in the treatment F 4 .The single-plant fruit yield of green pepper in the treatment H2F2 was the highest, being the 1.6 times that in the treatment F4.The nitrogen content in the aboveground part of green pepper in the treatment F 4 or H1 F3 was significantly higher than that in the other treatments .The fruit yield, agronomic nitrogen use efficiency and physiological nitrogen use efficiency of green pepper in the treatments H 2 F2 and H3 F1 were significantly higher than those in the treatment F4 or H4.Therefore, the treatment H2F2 had the best effects, and the highest substitution rate of WHOC for CF in the combined application should not exceed 75%.