不同媒介消息语言的羡余度考察

Degrees of Linguistic Redundancy in Different Media

"羡余"是"超过传递最少需要量的信息量"。羡余度与信息量,即信息的不确定性(熵值),有关。新闻信息中的羡余成分主要存在于语言编码中。语言羡余分为语言要素的羡余和言语成分的羡余。前者是质的羡余,涉及语言要素的成分性质;后者是量的羡余,涉及言语成分的数量。质的羡余可以借助于负载信息的语言符号出现的频率统计方法,了解新闻文本中这类代表性语言成分的信息度,从而间接了解整个文本质的羡余度。量的羡余可以采取羡余成分出现的数量统计法,及其在全篇信息总量中的比例,直接得出一定文本中语言的羡余度。

Redundancy refers to the extra information exceeding the necessity. Degrees of redundancy is related to the entropy of information. Redundant elements in news lie in linguistic codes, and can be divided into redundancy of linguistic elements and verbal elements. The former refers to the redundancy of quality concerning the features of linguistic elements, while, the latter refers to the redundancy of quantity concerning the numbers of verbal elements. When probing into the former, we can calculate the frequency of linguistic notations to get the degree of redundancy of a given discourse indirectly, while the latter can be probed into by quantity statistics to get the degree of redundancy indirectly. Taking different media as examples, the quantitative analysis can be conducts from aspects like information and discourse elements like codes, vocabulary, titles and introductions.