抑癌基因OVCA1的研究进展

Research Advances on Tumor Suppressor Gene OVCA1

随着肿瘤分子生物学技术及学科的发展,人们认识到癌症是一种基因疾病,肿瘤的发生发展是多种基因参与的复杂过程,包括癌基因的异常激活和肿瘤抑制基因失活。新近分离鉴定的重要的肿瘤抑制基因——卵巢癌基因1(OVCA1)在多种肿瘤中存在高频率的缺失和突变,对多种癌细胞增殖有明显的抑制作用,可能作用于肿瘤发生的早期阶段,在哺乳动物中高度保守,提示在细胞中具有重要作用;OVCA1可能具有调控细胞周期、翻译、DNA损伤及胚胎发育等生物功能,具体作用机制尚不明确;体外研究显示,OVCA1的缺失表达导致肿瘤发生可能与周期蛋白D1上调表达、P16下调表达相关,与p53基因突变可能存在相互作用;OVCA1的缺失表达与卵巢癌发生发展及预后密切相关,与宫颈癌及人乳头瘤病毒感染、乳腺癌等恶性肿瘤的关系尚在研究中。我们简要综述了OVCA1基因的国内外研究进展,为卵巢癌等恶性肿瘤进行基因水平的诊治提供理论依据。

With the development of tumor molecular biology techniques and disciplines, it is recognized that cancer is a genetic disease, tumor development is a complex process within multiple genes are involved, including abnormal activation of oncogenes and tumor suppressor gene inactivation. Recent important tumor suppressor gene isolated and identified the presence of high frequency ovarian cancer gene 1（OVCA1） deletion and mutation in a variety of tumors, for a variety of cancer cell proliferation significantly inhibited, the possible role in the early stages of tumorigenesis, highly conserved in mammals, suggesting an important role in the cell. OVCA1 may regulate the cell cycle, translation, DNA damage and embryo development, and have other biological functions, specific mechanism of action is unclear. OVCA1 vitro studies have shown that lack of expression leads to tumorigenesis may upregulate the expression of cyclin D1 and P16 reduced expression, correlating with p53 gene mutation may be present interaction. Lacking expression of OVCA1 is closely related to the occurrence, development and prognosis of ovarian cancer. Relationship between OVCA1 and malignancies such as cervical cancer and HPV infection, breast cancer is still being studied. In this paper we reviewed the research advances on tumor suppressor gene OVCA1 for providing a theoretical basis for the genetic level diagnosis and treatment of ovarian cancer and other malignant.