阿尔茨海默病患者照顾者生活质量的调查研究

Research Study on Quality of Life for Caregivers of Patients with Alzheimer's Disease

目的探究阿尔茨海默病(AD)患者家属照顾者的生活质量及其相关影响因素。方法 2013年10月-2014年8月采用典型抽样的方法抽取20名确诊的AD患者家属,采用健康调查简表(SF-36)进行一般健康状况调查。结果≥60岁的家属照顾者在生理功能、由于身体问题导致角色限制、由于感情问题导致角色限制上的得分低于<60岁的家属照顾者;女性家属照顾者比男性家属照顾者在身体活力方面表现较好;在生理功能、由于身体问题导致角色限制、由于感情问题导致角色限制上,子女照顾者比配偶照顾者更好;医疗保险就医患者的家属照顾者在总体健康感觉上,比自费就医患者的家属照顾者表现要好。高中及以上文化程度的家属照顾者比高中以下文化程度的家属照顾者在总体精神健康、活力及总体健康感觉维度上表现更好。结论 AD患者家属照顾者在生活质量上表现出明显受多方面因素的影响,根据影响因素的不同,实施有计划、有针对性、合理有效的干预措施,提高患者及家属生活质量水平尤为重要。

Objective To investigate the quality of life of family caregivers of patients with Alzheimer＇s disease（AD） and to explore the related factors.Methods Twenty family caregivers of patients with Alzheimer＇s disease were surveyed with short form 36 health survey questionnaire between October 2013 and August 2014.Results The subjects who were over 60 years old had lower scores in the dimensions of physical functioning,role limitations due to physical problem and role limitations due to emotional problem than those below 60 years old.Female subjects scored better than male subjects in the dimension of vitality.The sons and daughters had higher scores than the wives and husbands in the dimensions of physical functioning,role limitations due to physical problem and role limitations due to emotional problem.The subjects whose patients had medical insurance scored better than those whose patients with no insurance.The differences above were all statistically significant.The scores of caregivers with senior middle school edudation or above were higher than the caregivers with lower education level in the dimensions of mental health,vitality and general health perceptions.Conclusions The quality of life of the family members of AD patients is obviously affected by many factors.It is very important to implement planned,targeted,reasonable and effective interventions to enhance the quality of life of these people.