白乌二年金方奇及相关问题

The Gold “Fangqi” Plaques With the Date of “the Second Year of Baiwu Era” and the Relevant Issues

白乌二年金方奇出土于宁夏盐池,有学者认为其为隋大业九年(614年)称帝、建元白乌的向海明政权遗物。本文通过对三件金方奇纹饰的观察,发现其有明显的西亚艺术特征,并带有袄教色彩,与向海明的佛教信仰不符。同时,结合相关文献,推测其铭文中的纪年应为418年。可能是十六国晚期的某支内迁南匈奴称帝、建元白乌,并于白乌二年(418年)铸造了这三件金方奇。金方奇的发现为研究十六国晚期内迁胡人的历史提供了实物资料。

The gold ＂fangqi＂ plaques with the date ＂the second year of Baiwu Era＂ were unearthed in Yanchi County, Ningxia. Some scholars suggested that it was made by Xiang Haiming, who proclaimed as emperor in the ninth year of Daye Era （614 AD） of the Sui Dynasty and set his own era named Baiwu. Through close observation to these three ＂fangqi＂ plaques, the author of this paper found that they had obvious features of the West Asian art and the flavor of Zoroastrianism, which wer^t against Xi- ang Haiming＇s Buddhist belief. Meanwhile, with the reference of the relevant historic literatures, this paper inferred that the date mentioned in the inscription of the ＂fangqi＂ was 418 AD. It is possible that in the late Sixteen-Kingdoms Period, a branch of the South Xiongnu immigrated here and set the era named ＂Baiwu＂ , and cast these three gold ＂fangqi＂ in the second year of this Baiwu Era （418 AD） . The discovery of these gold ＂fangqi＂ provided physical materials for the research on the history of the immigrated Xiongnu and other northern tribes in the late Sixteen-Kingdoms Period.