基于“资源三号”卫星的黄河口湿地景观格局及其空间尺度效应分析

Landscape pattern and scale effect of Yellow River Estuarine wetland based on ZY-3 Satellite

为了在更精细尺度上分析黄河口湿地的景观格局特征,作者基于2012年的国产高分辨率"资源三号"卫星遥感影像,选取斑块类型面积(CA)、斑块个数(NP)、平均斑块面积(AREA_MN)、边缘密度(ED)、平均周长面积比(PARA_MN)、散布与并列指数(IJI)、香农多样性指数(SHDI)和香农均匀度指数(SHEI)8种常用的景观指数,表征景观类型的面积与结构特征、形状特征、聚集特征和景观多样性特征,开展了黄河口湿地的景观格局现状分析,以及空间尺度对黄河口湿地景观格局分析的影响。结果表明:黄河口湿地以裸滩和自然植被等自然景观为主,人工景观所占比重较小,但研究区内油井散布且数量众多,道路修建所导致的景观破碎化已较为明显;总体上,研究区的景观特征具有较强的尺度依赖性,其中表征面积和结构特征的斑块个数、边缘密度、平均斑块面积随着空间尺度的增大有明显的变化,斑块面积则相对稳定,形状特征表现出对空间尺度较强的依赖性,聚集特征随空间尺度的变化不规律,景观多样性特征随空间尺度的变化不明显;不同景观类型的景观特征随空间尺度的变化有较大差异,斑块为条状或斑块边界不规则的景观类型对空间尺度的依赖性更为显著。

Based on the resource-3（ZY-3） satellite remote sensing image with high spatial resolution, eight widely used landscape indices were selected to analyze the landscape pattern of Yellow River estuarine wetland in the landscape characteristics of area and structure, shape, aggregation and diversity. The grain effect on landscape pattern was also discussed in this paper. The results show that the landscape pattern of Yellow River estuarine wetland is remained predominantly natural landscape of nude beach and un-artificial vegetation. Tidal creeks are widely spreaded in tidal flat. A large number of oil wells are distributed separately in the research area, and the landscape fragmentation caused by road has become clear. The landscape pattern of Yellow River estuarine wetland highly depends on the spatial scale. For the landscape characteristic of area and structure, patch number, edge density, and mean patch area have obvious scale effects, and no visible effect on patch area. The shape characteristic is higher sensitive to the changes of grain than the diversity characteristic, and the aggregation doesn＇t show regular response to the grain changes.