渤海溢油三维漂移数值模拟研究

Development and application of a three-dimensional oil spill model for the Bohai Sea

国家海洋局北海预报中心于2011年开发了渤海三维溢油模型,该模型在分析国内外溢油模型现状的基础上,借鉴当今流行的数值模拟方法,使用油粒子模型与油膜扩展模型相结合的方式,用拉格朗日方法追踪每个带有一定油量的油粒子的轨迹,针对每一个油粒子则使用油膜扩展理论计算其油膜扩展过程。该模型可实现对溢油油污上升及水平输运过程、海表面油污浓度的预报,通过三组理想试验和2012年的海上溢油实验数据,对模型的各项功能、稳定性及模型精度进行了对比验证,结果较好,模型可实现对渤海海域海底或水下发生溢油的数值模拟。该模型解决了以往二维溢油模型在模拟钻井平台及海底输油管道泄漏等溢油事故方面的不足,可更好地为溢油灾害对海洋环境影响的估计提供有效参考信息。

This paper presents the development and application of a three-dimensional oil spill model for predicting the movement and fate of an oil slick in the Bohai Sea. In the model, the oil slick is divided into a number of small particles, the trajectory of the particles can be tracked by Lagrange tracking method and the spreading process of each particle is calculated by Fay＇s theory. This model is capable of predicting the vertical and horizontal movement of surface oil slick and the oil particle concentration distribution on the sea surface. Compared with the scenarios and observations, the numerical results of the oil spill model show good conformity.