“戏仿艺术”在后现代文学中的地位——以伊什梅尔·里德的作品为例

Status of “parody art”in postmodern literature: taking Ishmael Reed's works as examples

伊什梅尔·里德不仅是美国最优秀的讽刺大师之一,而且是一位狂放、自负的后现代主义作家。他的作品提倡一种融合、开放的多元文化主义,关注被白人主流文化边缘化的非裔美国人的生活和思想,挑战占统治地位的白人文化。他在小说中通过戏仿颠覆了传统小说的体裁,体现了后现代文学作品的典型特征。本文以伊什梅尔·里德的作品为例探讨西方小说传统的戏仿性改写。里德在作品中的后现代主义戏仿艺术既质疑文学再现形式,又高度关注与边缘文化、特别是非裔群体密切相关的历史、政治、文化等问题,丰富了小说创作的内涵。对里德小说戏仿艺术的研究可以更好地解析戏仿艺术在后现代文学中的地位。

Ishmael Reed,one of the most outstanding masters of irony in America,is a radical writer who is prone to showing off himself. In his works,he always advocates a kind of integrated and open multiculturalism,focuses on the life and thought of marginalized African Americans and challenges the dominant western traditional white culture. His works usually subvert the novel's genre by parody,which embodies the typical features of postmodern literary works. This paper aims to discuss the rewriting of traditional western novels based on parody,taking Ishmael Reed's works as examples. In Reed's works,the parody art not only questions the form of literary representation,but also concerns the marginal culture,especially the historical,political,cultural and other issues closely related to the African-American community,which enrich and deepen the connotation of the novel creation. We can better understand the status of parody art in postmodern literature through the studies of the parody in Reed's novels.