英汉人体词“hand”和“手”一词多义转义范畴认知对比研究

Cognitive comparative study of English and Chinese body-part terms “hand”from the perspective of semantic conversion categories

语言中的一词多义是在隐喻和转喻的认知机制共同作用下实现的,它不仅能体现词义演化的过程,而且能在一定程度上揭示认知主体的认知发展过程,此外,语言的基础是词汇,而词汇的核心是词义,因此对一词多义的研究具有重要的语义学意义。同时,范畴化的过程就是范畴建立也即是概念形成的过程,体现了认知主体对认知客体的一种划分标准,因此能体现认知主体重要的思维属性。而人体词是人类认知世界的起点,是认知的"元概念",本文采用定性和定量研究相结合的方法,对比研究了英汉人体词"hand"和"手"一词多义转义范畴认知,从而揭示英汉民族认知思维的差异性和共性。

Polysemy in language is under the effect of cognitive mechanism of metaphor and metonymy,and it can not only reflect the process of semantic evolution,but also reveal the process of cognitive development,to some extent.Moreover,the foundation of languages is vocabulary,and the core of vocabulary is semantic meaning,so the study of polysemy has important meaning for semantics. At the same time,the process of categorization is the process of the category establishment,namely the process of concept formation. It reflects the division standard of the cognitive subjects to the cognitive objects,so it can as well reflects the important thinking characteristics of the cognitive subjects. Besides,body-part term is the starting point of human beings cognition of the world,and the cognitive'meta-concepts'of the world. This paper uses the combination of qualitative and quantitative research methods,comparatively studies the English and Chinese body-part term 'hand'and the polysemy cognitive categories of semantic conversion,thus reveals the similarities and differences of the cognitive thinking modes of English and Chinese people.