不同所有权旅游酒店效率演化特征——以海口为例

The Evolution of Tourist Hotel Efficiency with Different Ownership:Taking Haikou as an Example

企业所有权所隐含的组织形式、运营机制对旅游酒店效率变化具有显著影响.本文分析了不同所有权类型企业的竞争优势和劣势,使用DEA模型评价了1995-2011年海口不同所有权旅游酒店的效率结构及演化.结果表明:海口酒店企业的市场结构改变较大,由国有和外商酒店企业主导转变为以股份制、外商和私营企业主导的市场格局;海口酒店企业的资本规模、技术水平有较大改善,规模效率、技术效率和综合效率都有所提高,但不同所有权企业的提升方式存在较大差异;海口酒店企业已进入技术比较优势阶段,规模投入不再是制约酒店效率提升的主要因素.未来发展应建设良好的市场创新平台,支持内资企业的多样化战略选择,鼓励后续酒店资本从海口投向周边发展中市场.

Organization form and operational mechanism implied under the enterprises ownership has significant influence on tourist hotel efficiency and its changes.The paper analyzed the competitive advantages and weaknesses of enterprises of different ownership types,built DEA measure model with fixed assets investment and operating expenses as the input variable and operating income as output variables based on the sum up of existed related research literature,and evaluated efficiency and its changes of Haikou tourist hotel enterprises from 1995-2011.The result demonstrated that：（1）the market structure of Haikou tourist hotel enterprises has changed greatly,which was dominated by stateowned and foreign hotel enterprises.Now share-holding,foreign and private enterprises are leading market pattern;（2）there are great improvement in capital scale,technology in Haikou,whose scale efficiency,technical efficiency and comprehensive efficiency are improved simultaneously,but the cause of the improvement are different;（3）the tourist hotel industry in Haikou has entered the stage of technical comparative advantage.Investment scale is no longer the main factor of restricting hotel efficiency increase.Good market innovation platform and atmosphere should be built in future for international tourism island and support domestic enterprises to choose diversified strategies.