黄石市冬/春季大气PM_(10)中重金属形态特征研究

Research on chemical species of atmospheric particulate heavy metals in Huangshi City in winter and spring

采用三级序列提取程序分离黄石市黄石港区、西塞山区、大冶市、阳新县PM10中的不同形态重金属,并使用电感耦合等离子体质谱对分离后液体中8种重金属(Cu、Cd、Zn、Cr、As、Pb、Ni、Co)的含量进行测定。同时,将传统金属生物有效性系数(k)进行加权,从而以重金属生物有效性综合系数(K)直观表征4个区域空气PM10中重金属对人体健康的危害程度。结果表明:(1)As为黄石市主要重金属污染物,冬季西赛山区As的质量分数为85.5%。(2)黄石港区PM10中冬季Cu、Zn、Cd、Pb和春季Cu、Cr、Pb,西塞山区PM10中冬季Cu、Zn、Cd、Pb、Ni、Co和春季Zn、Cd、Cr、Pb、Ni、Co,大冶市PM10中冬季Cu、Zn、Pb、Ni和春季Cd、As、Pb,阳新县PM10中冬季Zn、Cd、As、Pb和春季Zn、Cd、Pb,其k均大于0.2,对当地居民的健康存在潜在风险或风险。综合评价,阳新县冬季和大冶市春季的大气重金属污染较严重,其K分别为0.544和0.340,对人体健康风险较大。

Tertiary sequence extraction procedure was used to isolate different forms of the heavy metals in the collected PM10 samples in four districts in Huangshi City（Huangshigang District,Xisaishan District,Daye City,Yangxin County）.Then,ICP-MS was used to detect the contents of the heavy metal elements（copper,cadmium,zinc,chromium,arsenic,lead,nickel,cobalt）in liquids.In order to make the comparison of the healthy risk levels of heavy metal in PM10 samples at four areas obviously,the traditional calculation of validity coefficients of heavy metals was improved to the bioavailability factors（K）by weighting method.The results showed that As was the main heavy metal pollutant in Huangshi City and its content in PM10 samples was 85.5% of the total quality of heavy metals in Xisaishan District in winter.All the kvalues were over 0.2for the data of Cu,Zn,Cd,Pb in PM10 samples in winter and Cu,Cr,Pb in PM10 samples in spring in Huangshigang District,for that of Cu,Zn,Cd,Pb,Ni,Co in PM10 samples in winter and Zn,Cd,Cr,Pb,Ni,Co in PM10 samples in spring in Xisaishan District,for that of Cu,Zn,Pb,Ni in PM10 samples in winter and Cd,As,Pb in PM10 samples in spring in Daye City,for that of Zn,Cd,As,Pb in PM10 samples in winter and Zn,Cd,Pb in PM10 samples in spring in Yangxin County.In conclusion,heavy metal pollutions in atmosphere in Yangxin County in winter and in Daye City in spring were more serious with the improved K of 0.544and0.340,respectively and with higher human health risks.