西宁市区PM_(10)污染物特征及其与气象要素的关系

Characteristics of PM_(10) Pollutant and Its Relationship with Meteorological Elements in Xining Urban Area

使用2010—2012年西宁市区空气质量监测站逐日平均浓度数据以及同期气象要素资料,采用气候统计学方法,对PM10污染浓度特征及PM10与气象要素的关系进行分析。结果表明,近3年西宁市区PM10污染浓度呈递减趋势,由2010年的0.117 mg/m3到2012年的0.103 mg/m3,下降了0.014 mg/m3,同期的大部分气象要素呈升高趋势;PM10污染浓度最高值出现在12月,为0.166 mg/m3,最低值出现在7月,为0.061 mg/m3;污染浓度由重到轻排序依次为冬季>春季>秋季>夏季;冬季PM10污染浓度为夏季的2.0倍;取暖期污染物排放是PM10污染浓度增加的主要原因之一;PM10污染浓度的高低与春季沙尘天气有一定的关系,沙尘天气发生的次日污染最严重;污染天气出现概率呈冬季>春季>秋季的特征;PM10污染浓度月变化与地面气象要素有很高的相关性,说明PM10污染浓度的变化不仅与人类活动有关,与气象要素的关系也很密切。

Using daily average concentration data of air quality monitoring station in Xining urban area from 2010 to 2012,as well as meteorological elements information in the same period,climate statistical methods was employed to analyze the characteristics of PM10 pollutant concentrations as well as the relationship between PM10 and meteorological elements.The result showed that PM10 pollution concentrations had a decreasing trend in Xining urban area in recent 3 years, which decreased by 0.014 mg/m3 from 0.117 mg/m3 in 2010 to 0.103 mg/m3 in 2012, and most of the meteorological elements had a increasing trend in the same period.The highest pollution concentrations of PM10 appeared in December,which was 0.166 mg/m3, and the lowest appeared in July,which was 0.061 mg/m3.The pollution concentrations in seasons were sequenced by descending order, which was winter〉spring〉autumn〉summer, and concentration of PM10 pollutant in winter was two times as it in summer.One of the main reasons of PMI0 pollution concentration increased in heating period was the pollutant emissions.There was a certain relationship between PM10 pollution concentration level and dust weather in spring, and pollution was the heaviest in the next day of dust weather.The probability of occurrence feature of pollution weather was winter〉spring〉autumn.There was a high correlation between monthly changes in the PM10 pollution concentration and ground meteorological elements, which explained the change of PM10 pollution concentration not only related to human activities,but also closely associate with meteorological elements.