亚临界干洗技术对羊毛纤维结构的影响

Effect of subcritical dry-cleaning technology for wool fiber

亚临界干洗羊毛技术是用亚临界干洗溶剂对羊毛纤维样品进行轻度洗涤、去除表面油污并溶出羊毛脂的一种干进干出的洗涤方式。文章使用亚临界干洗羊毛技术处理原羊毛,借助于X-射线衍射、热重分析和扫描电子显微镜等设备,讨论不同干洗条件处理后羊毛纤维的结晶度、热稳定性能及表面形态的变化,并与普通皂碱清洗的羊毛样品进行了比较。结果表明,羊毛鳞片表层类脂物质在一定压力下溶解于亚临界干洗溶剂中;X-射线衍射观察表明,亚临界干洗处理后纤维结晶指数略高于原毛,但并没有深入波及到纤维皮质层;热重分析表明,亚临界处理后羊毛纤维的热稳定性能与皂碱清洗处理相比,耐热分解性能明显更高;扫描电子显微镜结果显示,随着亚临界干洗程度的加深,鳞片的剥除和镂空现象明显。

Subcritical dry-cleaning technology is a washing mode that washes the wool fiber mildly and removes its surface stain and lanolin easily without water through the washing process by using subcritical dry-cleaning solvent. The present study dealted with the raw wool by using the subcritical drycleaning technology, with the help of analysis instruments as X-ray diffractometer（ XRD）,thermogravimetric analyzer（ TG） and scanning electron microscope（ SEM） to discuss the structure changes of wool fiber after different processing conditions,and compared with wool samples handled by common soap alkali cleaning. The results showed that lipid material in surface of wool scales dissolved to subcritical butane solvent under certain conditions. The observation of X-ray diffraction showed that fiber crystallization index was slightly higher than that of raw wool without further spread to fiber cortex after the processe of dry-cleaning. TG-DTG analysis showed that the thermal decomposition performance of subcritical treated sample was significantly higher compared with that process by soap alkali. Results of SEM showed that removal and hollow of wool scales was more and more obvious as the processing degree deepening.