配方施肥对毛竹林新竹生长及经济效益的影响

Influences of formula fertilizer on the growth of new culm and economic benefit of Phyllostachys edulis plantation

通过“3414”施肥试验,研究了不同N、P、K配方施肥对福建三明毛竹林新竹生长及竹林经济产出的影响.结果表明,N、P、K不同配方对新竹的成竹率、新竹胸径与新竹产量以及对竹林经济产出的影响差异显著.14个配方处理中,N2P3K2的新竹数最高,为对照的1.69倍;N2P2K2的新竹胸径和产量均为最大,分别为对照的1.09和1.91倍,且新竹叶片的N、P、K、Mg浓度最为均衡.该试验条件下,施尿素540 kg/hm2、硫酸钾135 kg/hm2、过磷酸钙450～675 kg/hm2,能较为有效地促进新竹生长与产量持续.各配方施肥对毛竹林的增产幅度为18.1％ ～ 192.4％,增产效益明显,N2P2K2的竹林产值最高,是对照的2.92倍,资金产出率（产投比）前3位为N2P2K2、N2P3K2和N2P2K3,分别是3.83,3.43和3.26,N素对新竹生长的影响最大,缺N素、P素试验的资金产出率低于无施肥处理.

The influences of formula fertilizer with different concentration of N,P,K on the growth of new culm and the yield of Phyllostachys edulis plantation were studied in Sanming City,Fujian Province. The experiment was designed according to＂3414＂methodology. The results showed that the different formula of N,P,K fertilizer dominantly affected the survival of the new culm and the bamboo production value. Among the fourteen treatments,the treatment N2P3K2 presented the highest number of new culm,which was 1. 69 times of the control. The DBH and the output of the new-born bamboo with the treatment N2P2K2 were the maximum,which were 1. 09 and 1. 91 times of the control respectively,and the N,P,K,Mg concentrations in new-borned bamboo leaf also were the most balanced than those in the other treatments. In this test conditions,the growth and production of new bamboo could be improved greatly by using the fertilizing amounts of urea 540 kg per hectare,potassium sulphate 135 kg per hectare and calcium superphosphate 450-675 kg per hectare. The range of the average increasing rate was 18. 1% to 192. 4% with different combined fertilization. The treatment N2P2K2 was the optimum one in bamboo plantation production value which was 2. 92 times of the control. N2P2K2,N2P3K2 and N2P2K3 were the former three treatments of the output-input ratio,which were 3. 83,3. 43 and 3. 26,respectively. N fertilizer obviously influences on the growth of new-borned bamboo. The output-input ratios of lack of N fertilizer and P fertilizer treatments were lower than that of no fertilizer processing one.