国内外高粱种质资源形态性状与农艺性状的多样性分析

Diversity Analysis of Morphological and Agronomic Characters of Sorghum at Home and Abroad

目前,我国收集保存了大量的高粱种质资源,但与玉米、水稻和棉花等相比,高粱在遗传研究方面还有很大欠缺,应该对高粱资源的多样性进行深层次研究,以满足高粱育种方向的需要。以来源于中国和美国等国家共207份高粱种质资源为材料,对其主要农艺性状和形态性状进行遗传研究,分析其遗传多样性,为高粱种质资源的合理利用和遗传育种工作提供参考依据。结果表明,千粒质量等农艺性状平均遗传多样性指数为1.898 7,穗形等形态性状平均遗传多样性指数为0.805 1,农艺性状的遗传多样性明显高于形态性状。相关性分析结果表明,千粒质量与株高呈正相关,与穗长、穗宽呈负相关,在选育工作中应尽量选择株高较高、穗长和穗宽都较小的品种。

Sorghum, one of the major crops in Shanxi province, has been among the top of the five major crops in China. As brewing, forage and energy crop, sorghum has great development space and industrial advantages in agricultural production. Being environmental friendly and resource saving crops, sorghum industry is one of the most advantages and development potential of the industry in China. The paper overviewed 207 sorghum resources in variant quantity, character and genetic diversity by the method of phenotype observation. The average of agronomic genetic diversity index was 1.898 7, the average of morphological genetic diversity index was 0.805 1, the genetic diversity of agronomic traits was obviously higher than that of morphological characters. What is more, thousand seed weight was correlated with plant height positively, and negatively correlated with panicle length, panicle width. It should be better to choose as tall as possible in the breeding work.