旱地冬小麦小行距稀播综合技术示范效果分析

Analysis of Integrated Technology Demonstration Effect of Narrow Spaced Sparse Seeding for Dryland Winter Wheat

为解决晋南旱地小麦生产面临的产量低而不稳的技术问题,2013—2014年在山西省洪洞县刘家垣镇西义村示范了"旱地冬小麦小行距稀播综合技术"。结果显示,应用小行距稀播技术的4个小麦品种(运旱618、长8744、临丰3号和晋麦47号)在返青期单株分蘖数和次生根数均显著高于常规种植,临丰3号、晋麦47号和长8744的单株分蘖数、大分蘖数及次生根数在返青期还显著高于地膜覆盖;示范田株高、公顷穗数、穗粒数、千粒质量等农艺性状与地膜覆盖持平或略高,显著高于常规种植,表现出较好的群体协调性。应用小行距稀播技术的4个小麦品种理论产量从高到低为运旱618>长8744>晋麦47号>临丰3号,其中前3个小麦品种平均产量>地膜覆盖产量>常规种植产量。田间实打实收测产可知,示范田平均公顷产量为6 532.5 kg,比非示范田公顷产量(4 884 kg)增产33.7%。总体来看,应用小行距稀播综合技术能够改善土壤结构、培肥地力、增加分蘖数和次生根、提高旱地小麦抗逆能力、促进群体协调发展,从而实现稳产增产。

In 2013-2014, the project of integrated technology demonstration under narrow spaced sparse seeding for dryland winter wheat was carried out in Xiyi village of Hongtong county in Shanxi province. The results showed that four wheat varieties （Yunhan 618, Chang 8744, Linfeng 3 and Jinmai 47） whieh used the technology of narrow spaced sparse seeding, had better eoordination for populations, the number of tillering and secondary roots of the individual plant were significantly higher than general planting at reviving s tage. Compared with plastic film mulching farmland, the plant height, spike number per hectare, grains per ear, thousand seed weight and other agronomic characters were equal or slightly higher, but significantly higher than general planting. The yields of four wheat varieties from high to low were Yunhan 618 〉 Chang 8744 〉 Jinmai 47 〉 Linfeng 3, and the average yield of previous three varieties was higher than plastic film mulching and general planting. According to actual harvest of demonstration field, the average yield was 6 532.5 kg/hm2, the average yield of general planting was 4 884 kg/hm2, and the average increasing rate was 33.7%. In summary, the application of integrated technology demonstration under narrow spaced sparse seeding is important to improve dryland winter wheat yield, which can improve soil structure and fertility, increase tiller number and secondary roots of winter wheat, promote the coordinated development of population.