3种蛋白含量大豆生育期内不同部位GS基因家族成员表达量差异及GS活性分析

Differences of GS gene family members expression and analyses of GS activation in different parts of three types of soybean at whole growth stage

【目的】研究谷氨酰胺合成酶（GS）各基因家族成员在不同蛋白含量大豆生育期间的表达量，认识高蛋白大豆籽粒蛋白质形成的特点．【方法】选择普通栽培大豆、高蛋白栽培大豆和高蛋白野生大豆为材料，研究了整个生育期间邯基因家族各成员在根、茎、叶和根瘤的表达量差异以及不同类型大豆根、茎和叶谷氨酰胺合成酶活性（GSA）的变化．【结果和结论】结果表明：不同蛋白含量大豆各器官中嬲基因家族不同成员的表达量具有明显的差异．GSβI在根、茎、叶和根瘤中都能高效表达；叶中GS2表达量显著升高，超过其他器官和根瘤．GSβl在根、茎、叶中表达量极低，而根瘤GSβl的表达量明显增加．生育期内各器官GSβI及V3～R3期GS总表达量、叶GS2、根瘤GSβl都表现为高蛋白类型大豆高于普通栽培大豆，这与不同蛋白含量大豆GSA的变化规律基本一致．在生育期间高蛋白类型大豆较普通栽培大豆能更有效地调控邯基因家族各成员的表达，获得GSA是籽粒蛋白质含量较高的生理特点之一．

【Objective】The purpose of this study was to explore the expression differences of glutamine synthetase( GS) gene family members in 3 types of soybean during growth stages and understand the characteristics of protein formation of soybean with high protein content. 【Method】GS gene expression quantity and glutamine synthetase activaty( GSA) in root,stem,leaf and root nodul from three tested materials,Glycine max,G. max with high protein content and G. soja with high protein content,were investigated at whole growth stage,respectively. 【Result and conclusion】The results were two as follows: the expression of each GS gene member in different organs of three types of soybean was obviously different. GSβ1 in root,stem,leaf and root nodules all expressed high. The expression quantity of GS2 in leaf was significantly higher than that of the other two organs and root nodules. The expression of GSγ1 innodule increased,while the expression of GSγ1 in roots,stems,leaf was very low. The expression quantity of GSβ1 in root,stem,leaf and root nodules in whole growth period,GS2 in leaf,GSγ1 in root nodule and the general expression quantity of GS genes at V3- R3 stages were higher in high protein soybean variety than those of normally cultivated soybean variety. This variation was consistent with the variational rule of GSA of three types of soybean. Compared with G. max,effectively regulating the expression of GS gene family members and obtaining high GSA in the whole growth period are characteristics of high protein content soybean.