陆九渊学说被称作“心学”之历史过程考

A Study of the Historical Process in Which Lu Jiu-yuan's Learning was Summarized as “Learning of Mind”

陆九渊没有把自己的学问概括为心学,宋代其他人也没有把它概括为心学。到了元代,有人以"本心之学"、"传心之学"来说陆学。不过,从宋末至元,事实上称程朱学为心学者更多见。明代时以心学说陆学的情形多了一些,但不能说已经很普遍。这样说的人似乎多对陆学持批评态度,陈建与唐伯元就是其中的两个典型。明末以心学说阳明学的情形比较多见,"陆王"之说此时也已出现,但未出现"陆王心学"之名。一直到清中叶,此名始出现。在20世纪后半期,"陆王心学"之说大倡,陆九渊被作为主观唯心主义者。

Lu Jiu-yuan didn't summarize his learning as'learning of mind', nor did others of Song Dynasty. In Yuan dynasty, Lu Jiu-yuan's learning was summarized as 'learning of original mind'or 'Learning of telepathy'. However, from Song Dynasty to Yuan Dynasty, there were a lot of scholars who summarized the learning of Er Cheng and Zhu Xi as 'learning of mind'. In Ming Dynasty, most people summarized Lu Jiuyuan's learning as 'learning of mind', but this phenomenon was still not popular. Those who made such summarizing, such as Chen Jian and Tang Bo-yuan, seems to be critics of Lu's learning. In the late Ming Dynasty, it was popular to summarize Wang Yangming's learning as'learning of mind'. At the same time the phrase of 'Lu and Wang'appeared, but 'learning of mind of Lu Wang'did not. It was not until the middle period of Qing dynasty that the phrase 'learning of mind of Lu Wang'appeared. By the second half of the20 th century, that phrase was very popular, and Lu Jiu-yuan was known as subjective idealist.