封建社会司马迁经济思想研究评议

Study on Sima Qian's Economic Thoughts

司马迁在经济史传中所反映的经济思想是十分卓越的,在中国历史上产生了十分深远的影响,封建社会各时期对司马迁经济思想开展了比较深入的研究和评论。汉魏六朝时期,是司马迁经济思想的流布时期,桓宽在《盐铁论》中记叙桑弘羊引用司马迁经济思想;班固撰《汉书》批评司马迁"述货殖,则崇势利而羞贫贱",成为封建社会研究司马迁经济思想的主线。宋朝初步形成一种评论《史记》的风气,为明清时代对司马迁经济思想的广泛评论打下了基础。明朝的评论者已充分认识到司马迁经济史传的意义,其评论接近司马迁的原意,并注意把《货殖列传》与《平准书》相互参看,有机联系起来,这是很可贵的。清朝是司马迁经济思想研究进一步深入的时期,在研究内容上有新的拓展,在认识上有新的提高。近代几乎都一致肯定司马迁的经济思想,把司马迁的经济思想从书斋中释放出来,放到社会实际中去,用以指导经济发展的实际,对近代经济的发展起了一定的推动作用。

Sima Qian’ s remarkable economic insights in Historical Records have been exerted far?reaching influence on the Chinese history. During different feudal dynasties afterwards, the economic theory of Sima Qian was studied quite deeply, and dis?seminated broadly in the Han Dynasty, the Wei Dynasty and the Six Dynasties. For example, Heng Kuan wrote in The Discourses on Salt and Iron that Sang Hongyang, an economist, quoted on Sima Qian in the famous debate;Ban Gu, in the History of the Former Han Dynasty, criticized that Sima went too far on business, thus advocating the rich and yet looking down upon the poor, which de?veloped into a major lead on the study on Sima’ s economic theory. In the Song Dynasty, it was popular to write critique on Historical Records, laying the foundation for the academic discussion on Sima’ s economic thoughts in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Critics of Ming Dynasty clearly understood the significance of Sima’ s economic analysis and were quite close to the crux of Sima’ s original e?conomic views. They began to cross?read Biographies of Merchants and Pingzhunshu ( a book on intervention policy) , both in Histor?ical Records, which was very helpful to integrate various economic ideas of Sima Qian. The Qing Dynasty witnessed a leapfrog in studying Sima’ s ideas, in terms of both the subject and the achievement of the research. While in the modern times, Sima’ s eco?nomic thoughts have been widely recognized, applied in practice to guide economic development, and played a great role in promo?ting economic progress.