基于北斗卫星导航系统的空间站姿态测量可行性分析

Feasibility Analysis for Space Station Attitude Measurement Based on Bei Dou Navigation Satellite System

为了探索北斗全球卫星导航系统应用于中国空间站姿态测量的技术可行性,调研了中国未来空间站运营时北斗全球系统导航星座情况,给出了北斗系统对空间站的服务能力;基于载波相位高精度测量原理,对载人空间站利用北斗全球系统完成姿态测量所需的技术条件进行了分析,首次提出了在空间站三舱分别配置北斗天线,使用基于北斗导航信号载波相位的高精度测量算法进行组合体姿态测量的技术思路,初步给出并分析了相应的设备配置和工作方案,并对其在轨运行时的姿态角测量精度进行了仿真分析。在配置三天线组成两条10 m量级基线条件下,仿真的姿态角测量均方根误差约为0.05°。在具备相应信息处理和通信能力的条件下,利用北斗全球系统接收机可以完成空间站姿态测量功能,具有技术可行性。

To investigate the technical feasibility of determining the attitude of space station using Bei Dou Navigation Satellite System( BDS),the authors first reviewed the constellation situation of the global BDS during the operation phase of the forthcoming Chinese Space Station,and presented the service ability of BDS for Chinese Space Station. The technical conditions required for BDSbased attitude measurement for Chinese Space Station was analyzed after a presentation of the carrier phase based high precision measurement technique. The technical approach of installing three antennas on the three space station cabins respectively for attitude measurement based on BDS carrier phase high precision measurement algorithm as well as the corresponding device configuration and working scheme were proposed and analyzed for the first time. The on-orbit attitude angle measurement errors were simulated and analyzed. The simulated root mean square errors of the measured attitude angles could reach about 0. 05° under the condition of two 10 m level baselines formed by three BDS receiving antennas,and it is feasible to conduct the attitude measurement task of the Chinese Space Station by using the global BDS receivers provided proper information processing and communication capabilities.