骨组织工程中促进血管化策略的研究进展

Progress on strategies to promote vascularization in bone tissue engineering

随着骨组织工程的不断发展,各种新型的骨移植材料为骨缺损的治疗提供了新的选择。目前骨组织工程技术面临的主要难点是保证骨移植材料在植入后早期、快速地实现材料内部的血运重建,即血管化问题。血管长入为骨组织的再生和重建提供必要的营养支持,因此血管化一直是骨组织工程领域研究的焦点。然而目前还没有一种促血管化的金标准策略。支架材料、种子细胞和生长因子作为组织工程3个要素仍是目前各种促血管化策略努力的基本方向,其中多种生长因子、多种细胞复合支架材料联合构建组织工程骨等方法取得了良好的血管化效果,是近来研究的热点。

With the continuous development of bone tissue engineering, a variety of emerging bone graft materials provided various methods for repairing bone defects. Early and rapid accomplishment of revascularization of materials interior after implantation of bone transplantation materials is a difficulty faced to bone tissue engineering. Blood vessels ingrowth provides the requisite netritional support for the regeneration reconstruction of bone tissue, for this reason, vascularization plays a significant role in bone tissue engineering. However, there is not a golden standard strategy of vascularization at present. Scaffold materials, cells and growth factors still are three indispensable elements in tissue engineering, and are cardinal points of the promoting vascularization strategies. Multiple growth factors or multiple cells combined with scaffolds, which are hot spots, have obtained excellent vascularization. This review focused on the comprehensive strategies for promoting the successful vascularization of tissue engineered scaffolds.