追逐和距离游戏测试对导盲犬培训成功率的预测效果评价

Evaluation on Effects of Chase and Distance-play Tests on Predicting Training Success Rate for Guide Dogs

目的建立犬心理评估（DMA）中追逐和距离游戏测试的方法和评分标准，并就其对导盲犬培训成功率的预测效果进行检测。方法改良并建立追逐和距离游戏的测试方法和共计9个行为变量的评分标准，分别为追逐测试中的追逐Ⅰ、抓取Ⅰ、追逐Ⅱ、抓取Ⅱ，与距离游戏测试中的兴趣、攻击、探索、拔河、游戏邀请。对中国导盲犬大连培训基地的12只导盲犬和12只淘汰犬进行追逐和距离游戏测试的评分。结果根据统计分析，除距离游戏中的变量“游戏邀请”在导盲犬与淘汰犬之间有显著统计学差异外（P=0．045），追逐和距离游戏中的其他变量的得分在导盲犬和淘汰犬之间无显著性统计学差异（P〉0．05）。分析1。2分，3～4分和5分3个分数段淘汰犬和导盲犬数量的分布情况，可见游戏邀请中，淘汰犬集中分布于1～2分。对于攻击，导盲犬和淘汰犬得分主要集中在1～2分。对于追逐Ⅰ，淘汰犬得分在5分的犬只数量较导盲犬多。而抓取Ⅱ中，淘汰犬得分在3—4分的数量居多。探索中，导盲犬得分主要集中在3～4分，而淘汰犬得分却主要集中在1~2分。结论建立了DMA中追逐和距离游戏的测试方法和评分标准，并确定游戏邀请变量可作为有效的预测导盲犬培训成功率的指标之一。

Objective To establish the methods and evaluation criterion for Chase and Distance-play tests of dog mentality assessment （DMA） and detect their effects on predicting the training success rate for guide dogs. Method The methods of Chase and Distance-play test and the related evaluation criterion of 9 behavioral variables in total were improved and established. The behavioral variables were Following I, Following II, Grabbing I, Grabbing II in Chase test and Interest, Aggression, Exploration, Tug-of-war, Play Invitation in Distance-play test. Twelve guide dogs and 12 eliminated dogs from Chi- nese Guide Dogs Training Centre of Dalian were used to examine the predicting effects of the 9 behav- ioral variables on the training success rate for guide dogs. Result According to the results of statistical analysis, the ＂Play Invitation＂ in Distance-play test showeda significant difference between guide dogs and eliminated dogs （P=0.045）. However, no significant difference was detected for the scores of the rest variables （P〉0.05）. To analyze the distribution of the numbers of guide dogs and eliminated dogs in different score grades, we divided the scores of each variable into 3 grades （1-2 points, 3-4 poinis and 5 points）. For Play Invitation, the eliminated dogs were mainly concentrated in 1 -2 points. For Aggression, the guide dogs and eliminated dogs were mainly concentrated in the 1-2 points. For Following I, more guide dogs distributed in 5 points grade compared to eliminated dogs. For Grabbing II, eliminated dogs were mainly concentrated in 3-4 points. For Exploration, the guide dogs were mainly concentrated in the 3-4 points. In comparison, the eliminated dogs were mainly concentrated in 1-2 points. Conclusion We have established the methods and evaluation criterion for Chase and Distance-play test of DMA. The ＂Play Invitation＂ is confirmed asan effective variable index to predict the training success rate for guide dogs.