线粒体电子传递呼吸链及其生物学意义的研究进展

Research progress of mitochondrial electron transport chain and its biological significance

线粒体为细胞的生命活动提供基本能量。其内膜上的呼吸链酶传递氢和电子到ATP酶复合体,用于合成能量及维持跨内膜氢离子梯度循环。细胞生存所需能量的95%由线粒体呼吸链提供,主要由位于线粒体内膜上的5个复合体(Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ)组成的线粒体呼吸链酶完成,即NADPH-泛醌、琥珀酸-泛醌还原酶、泛醌-Cytc还原酶、细胞色素c氧化酶及ATP合成酶。本文对线粒体呼吸链Ⅰ/Ⅱ/Ⅲ/Ⅳ/Ⅴ的分子结构、功能及生物学意义等进行了综述。

Mitochondria provide basic energy for the cell life activities.Electron transfer complexes in the inner mitochondrial membrane carry hydrogen and electronics to ATP enzyme complexes.This process is responsible for the energy and hydrogen ions across the membrane gradient cycle.The mitochondrial respiratort chain provides 95%of the energy to cell survival,which is mainly composed of5 complex：NADPH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase,succinate-ubiquinone oxidoreductase,ubiquinonecytochrome c reductase,cytochrome c oxidase and ATP synthase located on the mitochondrial membrane.We explicated in detail molecular structure,function and biological significance of mitochondrial complexes in present article.